BIOMETRICAL GENETIC APPROACH TO INTELLIGENCE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
BIOMETRICAL GENETIC APPROACH TO INTELLIGENCE AND SCHIZOPHRENIA
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/19485565.1973.9988053
复制
发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
FULKER, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FULKER, DW
最近，伯明翰大学的心理遗传学小组一直在考虑将生物特征遗传学应用于人类行为的问题。虽然这些方法在应用于动物行为时证明了它们的价值（Broadhurst, 1960; Broadhurst and Jinks, 1961, 1966; Fulker, Wilcock, and Broadhurst, 1972），但人类心理遗传学的先驱之一Cattell的工作表明，同样明确的结果不能用于人类（Cattell, 1957, 1965）。在伯明翰进行的初步调查导致了一种适当的方法的发展和对现有数据的重新分析，其结果表明，生物特征遗传学可以比以前想象的更容易地应用于人类行为的分析（Jinks和Fulker， 1970）。本文的目的是简要介绍这种方法及其潜在的假设，并通过将其应用于智力和精神分裂症的遗传学来说明其用途。在智力上的应用遵循了Jinks和Fulker（1970）给出的分析。虽然采用了统计上更优越和更直接的方法，但结果基本上是相同的。精神分裂症的分析代表了该方法的一种新应用。最初由Fisher（1918）开发的生物计量遗传学方法，涉及将观察到的性状的总方差划分为反映无限数量的基因和环境影响的组成部分。如果我们关注的是人类的行为特征，那么至少需要5种效果才能完全符合现实。在遗传方面，我们必须考虑到加性和显性基因作用以及选择性交配的影响，而在环境方面，我们必须考虑到共同家庭或共享环境的影响，以及那些对个人独特的环境影响。
Recently, the psychogenetics group at Birmingham University has been considering the problem of applying biometrical genetics to the behavior of man. While these methods had proved their worth when applied to the behavior of animals (Broadhurst, 1960; Broadhurst and Jinks, 1961, 1966; Fulker, Wilcock, and Broadhurst, 1972), the work of Cattell, one of the pioneers of human psychogenetics, suggested that the same clear-cut results could not be expected with humans (Cattell, 1957, 1965). A preliminary investigation at Birmingham resulted in the development of an appropriate methodology and a reanalysis of existing data, the outcome of which suggested that biometrical genetics could be applied to the analysis of human behavior with far greater ease than was previously thought (Jinks and Fulker, 1970). It is the purpose of the present paper to give a brief account of this approach and its underlying assumptions and to illustrate its use by applying it to the genetics of intelligence and schizophrenia. The application to intelligence follows closely the analysis given in Jinks and Fulker (1970). Although a statistically superior and more direct method was used, the outcome was essentially the same. The analysis of schizophrenia represents a novel application of the approach.The biometrical genetic approach, as developed originally by Fisher (1918), involves partitioning the total observed variance of a trait into components reflecting the effects of an indefinite number of both genes and environmental influences. If we are concerned with human behavioral traits, the least number of effects required to be at all realistic is five. On the genetic side, we must allow for the effects of additive and dominant gene action and that of assortative mating, while on the environmental side we must allow for the effects of a common family or shared environment, as well as those environmental effects unique to the individual.