Arctic climate shifts drive rapid ecosystem responses across the West Greenland landscape

Arctic climate shifts drive rapid ecosystem responses across the West Greenland landscape
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北极气候变化推动整个西格陵兰景观的生态系统快速响应

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/ab2928
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Saros J
Saros J
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Saros J

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由于对非线性变化在生态系统强迫和响应中的作用缺乏了解,高纬度对气候变化的响应的预测受到阻碍。虽然非线性气候变化的影响往往被内部生态系统动态推迟或抑制,但北极最近发生的变暖事件推动了环境的快速反应,引发了该地区陆地和淡水系统可能如何改变以应对突然气候变化的问题。我们利用长期监测和古生态重建,量化了西格陵兰岛最近突然气候变化的环境反应。使用40年来的天气数据,我们发现1994年后,6月的平均气温上升了2.2摄氏度,冬季的平均降雨量从21毫米增加到40毫米,翻了一番;自2006年以来,7月的平均气温上升了1.1摄氏度。在这些气候突变的同时或之后不久,出现了非线性的环境响应,包括增加冰盖排放、增加灰尘、推进植物物候,以及在湖泊中,更早结冰和藻类功能特征的更大多样性。我们的分析揭示了环境对非线性气候变化的快速反应,突显了北极生态系统对突变的高度响应性质。
Prediction of high latitude response to climate change is hampered by poor understanding of the role of nonlinear changes in ecosystem forcing and response. While the effects of nonlinear climate change are often delayed or dampened by internal ecosystem dynamics, recent warming events in the Arctic have driven rapid environmental response, raising questions of how terrestrial and freshwater systems in this region may shift in response to abrupt climate change. We quantified environmental responses to recent abrupt climate change in West Greenland using long-term monitoring and paleoecological reconstructions. Using> 40 years of weather data, we found that after 1994, mean June air temperatures shifted 2.2 C higher and mean winter precipitation doubled from 21 to 40 mm; since 2006, mean July air temperatures shifted 1.1 C higher. Nonlinear environmental responses occurred with or shortly after these abrupt climate shifts, including increasing ice sheet discharge, increasing dust, advancing plant phenology, and in lakes, earlier ice out and greater diversity of algal functional traits. Our analyses reveal rapid environmental responses to nonlinear climate shifts, underscoring the highly responsive nature of Arctic ecosystems to abrupt transitions.
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