Ice Ages and the mitochondrial DNA chronology of human dispersals: a review
Ice Ages and the mitochondrial DNA chronology of human dispersals: a review
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2003.1394
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发表时间：
2004-02-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Forster, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Forster, P
现代DNA，特别是母系遗传的线粒体DNA（mtDNA），现在通常用于追踪古代人类的迁移路线，并获得遗传史前的绝对日期。绝对遗传日期的误差通常很大（50%或更多），部分取决于DNA数据中固有的进化信号，部分取决于我们对DNA突变率的不完善认识。尽管不精确，但遗传日期确实提供了一个独立的，一致的和全球性的年表，将活着的人类与他们的祖先联系起来。结合考古学和气候学数据，我们在过去十年中的大多数mtDNA研究都强烈暗示古气候在决定史前迁移和人口扩张的条件方面发挥着重要作用。本文总结了我们对遗传学研究结果的解释，包括人类在非洲的最初和温和的传播超过100 ka，在非洲60-80 ka的惊人的再扩张，最终导致一个单一的，小群体的非洲外迁移，在机会之窗期间定居在澳大利亚，欧亚大陆和美洲，至少部分地取决于海平面和气候条件的波动。
Modern DNA, in particular maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), is now routinely used to trace ancient human migration routes and to obtain absolute dates for genetic prehistory. The errors on absolute genetic dates are often large (50% or more) and depend partly on the inherent evolutionary signal in the DNA data, and partly on our imperfect knowledge of the DNA mutation rate. Despite their imprecision, the genetic dates do provide an independent, consistent and global chronology linking living humans with their ancestors. Combining this chronology with archaeological and climatological data, most of our own mtDNA studies during the past decade strongly imply a major role for palaeoclimate in determining conditions for prehistoric migrations and demographic expansions. This paper summarizes our interpretation of the genetic findings, covering the initial and modest spread of humans within Africa more than 100 ka, the striking re-expansion within Africa 60-80 ka, leading ultimately to the out-of-Africa migration of a single, small group which settled in Australia, Eurasia and America during windows of opportunity at least partly dictated by fluctuations in sea-levels and climatic conditions.