The dynamics of spatio-temporal Rho GTPase signaling: formation of signaling patterns.
The dynamics of spatio-temporal Rho GTPase signaling: formation of signaling patterns.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.7370.1
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pertz, Olivier
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fritz, Rafael Dominik;Pertz, Olivier
Rho GTPases 是调节多种生物功能的重要信号分子。传统的生化、细胞生物学和遗传学方法奠定了 Rho GTPase 生物学的基础。生物传感器的发展使得能够以前所未有的时空分辨率测量 Rho GTP 酶活性。这表明 Rho GTPase 活性分别在数十秒和微米的时间和长度尺度上波动。在这篇综述中，我们描述了在不同细胞系统中观察到的 Rho GTP 酶活性模式。然后，我们讨论了越来越多的证据，表明鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子和 GTP 酶激活蛋白等上游调节因子通过精确控制 Rho GTP 酶活性的时空通量来塑造这些模式。最后，我们评论了可能影响这些信号模式调节的其他机制，以及剖析这种时空复杂性所需的新技术。
Rho GTPases are crucial signaling molecules that regulate a plethora of biological functions. Traditional biochemical, cell biological, and genetic approaches have founded the basis of Rho GTPase biology. The development of biosensors then allowed measuring Rho GTPase activity with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. This revealed that Rho GTPase activity fluctuates on time and length scales of tens of seconds and micrometers, respectively. In this review, we describe Rho GTPase activity patterns observed in different cell systems. We then discuss the growing body of evidence that upstream regulators such as guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins shape these patterns by precisely controlling the spatio-temporal flux of Rho GTPase activity. Finally, we comment on additional mechanisms that might feed into the regulation of these signaling patterns and on novel technologies required to dissect this spatio-temporal complexity.