Effects of residue removal and tillage on greenhouse gas emissions in continuous corn systems as simulated with RZWQM2
Effects of residue removal and tillage on greenhouse gas emissions in continuous corn systems as simulated with RZWQM2
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RZWQM2 模拟连续玉米系统中残留物去除和耕作对温室气体排放的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112097
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Feng Shaoyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cheng Haomiao;Shu Kexin;Qi Zhiming;Ma Liwang;Jin Virginia L.;Li Youjia;Schmer Marty R.;Wienhold Brian J.;Feng Shaoyuan
农业生产是全球二氧化碳(CO2)和一氧化二氮(N2O)的主要来源。保护措施对土壤二氧化碳和N2O排放的影响仍然存在高度的不确定性。本研究利用根区水质模型(RZWQM2)对连续灌溉玉米系统中不同残茬和耕作方式下的土壤CO2和N2O排放进行了研究。在四个作物年度(2011年4月至2015年4月)进行了免耕/高秸秆清除(NR和HR)和免耕/常规耕作(分别为NT和CT)的田间试验。该模型使用NRCT进行了校准，并用其他治疗方法进行了验证。模拟结果表明，NR处理(NRCT和NRNT)的土壤体积含水率(VWC)比HR处理(HRCT和HRNT)的4年平均值高1.3%~1.9%。NRCT在四年中模拟了较高的二氧化碳和N2O排放量(年平均值：二氧化碳7034亿公斤/公顷/公顷/年，N2O 3.8亿公斤/公顷/年)，而HRNT的排放量较低(年平均：6329亿公斤/公顷/年，N2O 3.7亿公斤/公顷/年)。2001-2015年的长期模拟表明，CO2和N2O的排放量与秸秆清除程度(SRD)、耕作方式、VWC、土壤温度(ST)、管理年限(Y)和化肥施用量密切相关。秸秆和耕作措施对CO2排放有累积效应。NRCT、NRNT和HRCT模拟的第1年CO2排放量分别比HRNT高7.8%、0.0%和7.7%，第15年分别比HRNT高63.6%、47.7%和29.1%。同时，对N2O排放没有累积影响。结果还表明，RZWQM2是一种很有前途的工具，可以用来评估二氧化碳和N2O排放对不同保护措施的长期影响。
Agricultural production is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) globally. The effects of conservation practices on soil CO2and N2O emissions remain a high degree of uncertainty. In this study, soil CO2and N2O emissions under different residue and tillage practices in an irrigated, continuous corn system, were investigated using the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2). Combinations of no/high stover removal (NR and HR, respectively) and no-till/conventional tillage (NT and CT, respectively) field experiments were tested over the four crop-years (Apr. 2011–Apr. 2015). The model was calibrated using the NRCT, and validated with other treatments. The simulation results showed that soil volumetric water content (VWC) in the NR treatments (i.e., NRCT and NRNT) was 1.3%–1.9% higher than that in the HR treatments (i.e., HRCT and HRNT) averaged across the four years. A higher amount of CO2and N2O emissions were simulated in the NRCT across the four years (annual average: 7034 kg C/ha/yr for CO2and 3.8 kg N/ha/yr for N2O), and lower emissions were in the HRNT (annual average: 6329 kg C/ha/yr and 3.7 kg N/ha/yr for N2O). A long-term simulation (2001–2015) suggested that the CO2and N2O emissions were closely correlated with the stover removal degree (SRD), tillage, VWC, soil temperature (ST), years in management (Y), and fertilizer application. Stover and tillage practices had cumulative effects on CO2emissions. The simulated annual CO2emissions in 1st year from NRCT, NRNT, and HRCT were 7.8%, 0.0%, and 7.7% higher than that from HRNT, respectively; then the emissions in 15th year were 63.6%, 47.7%, and 29.1% higher, respectively. Meanwhile, there were no cumulative effects on N2O emissions. The results also demonstrated that the RZWQM2 is a promising tool for evaluating the long-term effects of CO2and N2O emissions on different conservation practices.