Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food system
Overcoming undesirable resilience in the global food system
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DOI：
10.1017/sus.2018.9
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
T. Oliver;E. Boyd;K. Balcombe;T. Benton;J. Bullock;D. Donovan;G. Feola;M. Heard;G. Mace;S. Mortimer;R. Nunes;R. Pywell;Dominik Zaum
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Oliver;E. Boyd;K. Balcombe;T. Benton;J. Bullock;D. Donovan;G. Feola;M. Heard;G. Mace;S. Mortimer;R. Nunes;R. Pywell;Dominik Zaum
我们目前的全球食品系统-从食品生产到消费，包括制造，包装，运输，零售和相关业务-对社会和环境产生了广泛的负面影响，威胁着社会的长期福祉。这导致科学政策组织越来越多地呼吁对全球粮食系统进行重大改革和转型。然而，我们关于粮食系统转型的知识是零散的，这阻碍了协调解决方案的发展。在这里，我们整理了多个学科和部门的最新研究，以便更好地了解将粮食系统“锁定”在不可持续状态的机制。当前全球粮食系统的格局正在破坏许多联合国可持续发展目标（UN SDG），导致人们呼吁对粮食系统进行重大改革和转型。与此同时，其他科学政策和商业倡议呼吁建立一个更能抵御经济和环境冲击的粮食系统，例如通过提高当前供应链的经济复原力。然而，将短期安全优先考虑给一部分既得利益者，可能会破坏社会长期有益成果的弹性。在这里，我们倡导一种更具包容性和远见的方法，重点关注整个社会积极成果的弹性，即抓住促进多个联合国可持续发展目标的弹性交付的目标。一个重大挑战是优先考虑能够有效改变全球粮食系统以实现这些目标的干预措施。在这里，我们使用一个跨学科的透镜，以确定"锁定"机制，跨越四个关键领域-知识为基础，经济/监管，社会文化和生物物理的限制-这将有助于避免粮食系统改革无效的孤立的解决方案。此外，我们展示了如何紧急系统动力学需要考虑使用更全面的方法。我们强调在粮食系统转型的机会窗口期间，在多个杠杆点上采取协调一致的行动的重要性。
Non-technical summary Our current global food system – from food production to consumption, including manufacture, packaging, transport, retail and associated businesses – is responsible for extensive negative social and environmental impacts which threaten the long-term well-being of society. This has led to increasing calls from science–policy organizations for major reform and transformation of the global food system. However, our knowledge regarding food system transformations is fragmented and this is hindering the development of co-ordinated solutions. Here, we collate recent research across several academic disciplines and sectors in order to better understand the mechanisms that ‘lock-in’ food systems in unsustainable states. Technical summary The current configuration of our global food system is undermining many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), leading to calls for major food system reform and transformation. Concurrently, other science–policy and business initiatives call for a food system more resilient to economic and environmental shocks, for example, by improving the economic resilience of current supply chains. Prioritization of short-term security to a subset of vested interests, however, can undermine the resilience of longer term beneficial outcomes for society. Here we advocate a more inclusive and farsighted approach focussing on the resilience of positive outcomes for the whole of society, that is, capturing the aim to promote resilient delivery of multiple UN SDGs. A significant challenge is to prioritize suites of interventions that can effectively transform the global food system to deliver these goals. Here, we use a transdisciplinary lens to identify ‘lock-in’ mechanisms that span four key areas – knowledge-based, economic/regulatory, sociocultural and biophysical constraints – which will help avoid ineffective siloed solutions to food system reform. Furthermore, we show how emergent system dynamics need to be considered using a more holistic approach. We highlight the importance of well-coordinated actions on multiple leverage points during windows of opportunity for food system transformation.