Livestock depredation by Amur tigers in Hunchun Nature Reserve,Jilin,China
Livestock depredation by Amur tigers in Hunchun Nature Reserve,Jilin,China
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Zhongbao Liu
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作者：
Zhongbao Liu
东北虎东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）是我国的濒危物种。自2001年12月吉林省与俄罗斯、朝鲜毗邻的珲春自然保护区建立以来，该地区的虎种群数量似乎有所增加，保护区内牲畜损失的报告也在增加。为了减少人虎冲突，我们对虎对牲畜的掠夺进行了深入的分析，根据2001年12月至2007年12月的老虎监测数据，2002年12月至2007年12月，东北虎共袭击牛、马、狗126起，共计204头。2002年至2007年，在2007年有较大的增加。牲畜的掠夺主要发生在4月和9月。结果表明，没有特定的家畜偏好。老虎很少攻击距离村庄不到1公里的牲畜，人为干扰影响了对家畜的利用和老虎对移动动物尸体的行为，估计老虎共吃掉16079kg家畜肉，损失达76 084美元。袭击更经常发生在南部和东部，海拔较低，坡度较缓，郁闭度较高，靠近村庄和河流，远离道路。拆除森林中的陷阱和消除新的陷阱对增加有蹄类动物种群至关重要，以减少老虎对牲畜的依赖。改善畜牧业技术和减少珲春保护区内的牲畜数量可以大大降低老虎的捕食率。避免干扰老虎已经捕杀过的地方也可能在某种程度上降低捕杀率
The Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica) is endangered in China.Since establishment of the Hunchun Nature Reserve adjacent to Russia and DPR Korea in Jilin Province,in December 2001,the tiger population in this region seems to have increased.Reports of livestock losses are increasing in the reserve.To reduce human-tiger conflicts,we carried out an in-depth analysis of livestock depredation by tigers,based on tiger monitoring data collected from December 2001 to 2007.There were 126 cases in which Amur tigers attacked 204 cattle,horses and dogs between December 2002 and 2007.From 2002 to 2007,livestock losses generally increased,with major increases in 2007.Livestock depredation mainly occurred between April and September.Results suggest no preference for specific domestic animals.Tigers rarely attacked livestock that were less than 1 km from a village,and human disturbance affected utilization of livestock and tiger behavior associated with moving carcasses.An estimated 16 079 kg livestock meat was eaten by tigers,amounting to $76 084 in losses.Attacks occurred more often on southern and eastern aspects,lower altitudes,gentler slopes,greater canopy density,closer to villages and rivers,and farther from roads.Removal of snares in the forest and elimination of new snares is vital to increase ungulate populations,so as to reduce tiger dependence on livestock.Better livestock husbandry techniques and reduction of livestock within Hunchun Reserve can greatly reduce the rate of depredation by tigers.Avoiding disturbance of sites where tigers have already made kills is also likely to reduce rate of killing in some extent