Nuclear fuels - Present and future
Nuclear fuels - Present and future
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.297
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发表时间：
2009-05
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
D. Olander
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Olander
本文评述了核燃料的重要发展及其存在的问题，并与目前轻水堆燃料的状况作了比较。轻水堆燃料的局限性进行审查方面的重要最近的关注，即提供出口冷却剂温度足够高，用于H2生产，销毁钚，以消除扩散的问题，燃烧的次要锕系元素，以减少废物库的热负荷和长期的辐射危害。除了目前的氧化物为基础的燃料棒设计，氢化物燃料与液体金属热粘合的燃料包壳的间隙被覆盖。最后，两个最有前途的第四代反应堆的概念，非常高温反应堆和钠快堆，以及随之而来的后处理技术，水基UREX+1a和高温冶金，进行了总结。在所涉及的所有主题中，强调了在辐照下燃料行为和后处理方案中所涉及的热力学。
The important developments in nuclear fuels and their problems are reviewed and compared with the status of present light-water reactor fuels. The limitations of LWR fuels are reviewed with respect to important recent concerns, namely provision of outlet coolant temperatures high enough for use in H2production, destruction of plutonium to eliminate proliferation concerns, and burning of the minor actinides to reduce the waste repository heat load and long-term radiation hazard. In addition to current oxide-based fuel rod designs, the hydride fuel with liquid–metal thermal bonding of the fuel-cladding gap is covered. Finally, two of the most promising Generation IV reactor concepts, the very high temperature reactor and the sodium fast reactor, and the accompanying reprocessing technologies, aqueous-based UREX+1a and pyrometallurgical, are summarized. In all of the topics covered, the thermodynamics involved in the fuel’s behavior under irradiation and in the reprocessing schemes are emphasized.