Classical Swine Fever-An Updated Review.
Classical Swine Fever-An Updated Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/v9040086
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发表时间：
2017-04-21
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Beer M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Blome S;Staubach C;Henke J;Carlson J;Beer M
猪瘟仍是世界范围内最重要的跨境猪瘟之一。病原体是脑脊液病毒，一种包膜的小RNA病毒，属于瘟疫病毒属。根据部分序列，可以区分出三种与毒力没有直接关联的基因类型。根据病毒和宿主因素，可以观察到广泛的临床症状，因此，实验室确认是强制性的。为此，随着商业化程度的提高，直接方法和间接方法都得到了应用。家猪和野猪的感染具有很大的相关性；野猪是一种水库宿主，也会零星地将病毒传播到养猪场。自由国家的疫情控制战略主要基于经典的干预措施，即对受影响的牛群进行检疫和严格扑杀。在这些国家，接种疫苗只是一种紧急选择。然而，在亚洲、东欧、美洲和一些非洲国家的地方性感染地区，活疫苗被用来控制疾病。在这里，我们将提供关于病毒特性、临床症状和病理、流行病学、发病机制和免疫反应、诊断和疫苗接种可能性的最新简明综述。
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide. The causative agent is CSF virus, a small, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus. Based on partial sequences, three genotypes can be distinguished that do not, however, directly correlate with virulence. Depending on both virus and host factors, a wide range of clinical syndromes can be observed and thus, laboratory confirmation is mandatory. To this means, both direct and indirect methods are utilized with an increasing degree of commercialization. Both infections in domestic pigs and wild boar are of great relevance; and wild boars are a reservoir host transmitting the virus sporadically also to pig farms. Control strategies for epidemic outbreaks in free countries are mainly based on classical intervention measures; i.e., quarantine and strict culling of affected herds. In these countries, vaccination is only an emergency option. However, live vaccines are used for controlling the disease in endemically infected regions in Asia, Eastern Europe, the Americas, and some African countries. Here, we will provide a concise, updated review on virus properties, clinical signs and pathology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and immune responses, diagnosis and vaccination possibilities.