Further Studies on Ionic Regulation in Marine Invertebrates
Further Studies on Ionic Regulation in Marine Invertebrates
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海洋无脊椎动物离子调节的进一步研究
DOI：
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发表时间：
1953
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. Robertson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Robertson
1.在16种海洋无脊椎动物的血液或体腔液中进行了分析，以确定离子调节量。2.除了钾之外，海参、牡蛎和贻贝的调节作用很小。双壳贝类积累钾（高达海水浓度的135%），贻贝积累硫酸盐（120%），这是一个不寻常的特征。3.裸鳃亚目的Archidoris积累钾（128%），钙（132%）和镁（107%），而星虫的Phasperidoma有较低的镁（69%）和硫酸盐（91%），但较高的钠（104%）。4.乌贼调节除镁以外的所有离子，值的范围（表示为透析血浆中浓度的百分比）为Na 92- 94%，K 193- 223%，Ca 84- 97%，Mg 97- 100%，Cl 105- 106%，SO 4 17- 29%。蛋白质平均109 g。L.在分析的三个样本中。来自肾囊的液体含有高浓度的NH 4 +离子，在两个标本中分别为146和59 m.equiv./ kg.水，并且在所有其他离子的浓度上不同于血浆超滤液。5.头足类动物眼内的玻璃体液是一种透明的无蛋白质液体，与血浆等渗性在1%以内，但其离子浓度与血浆超滤液或透析液的离子浓度明显不同。在乌贼中，Loligo和Eledone镁可能仅为血浆透析液中浓度的10-20%，钠超过115%。在一个乌贼标本中，透镜前的含水流体很大程度上类似于海水，只是镁和硫酸盐的浓度较低。6.甲壳类对各种离子的调节作用存在于十足目和口足目甲壳类中，其范围为Na 97- 111%，K 120- 156%，Ca 84- 137%，Mg 32- 99%，Cl 96- 103%，SO 4 53- 135%。梭子蟹和Eupagurus的物种比Dromia和蜘蛛蟹马亚和Hyas表现出更多的调节作用。口足类虾蛄的调节类似于虾蛄科。在笔石蟹Pachygrapsus中，血浆中的每种离子都保持在其平衡值以下：Na 94%，K 95%，Ca 92%，Mg 24%，Cl 87%，SO 4 46%;总离子1.163g。离子/kg。海水中为1.353。7.在16种甲壳类动物中，活动程度与血液中的镁含量之间存在反比关系：活动越多的甲壳类动物，其镁含量就越低。
1. The blood or coelomic fluid has been analysed in sixteen marine invertebrates to determine the amount of ionic regulation. 2. Little regulation is shown by Holothuria and the bivalves Ostrea and Mytilus except in potassium. The bivalves accumulate potassium (up to 135% of the concentration in sea water), and Mytilus galloprovincialis accumulates sulphate (to 120%), an unusual feature. 3. The nudibranch Archidoris accumulates potassium (128%), calcium (132%) and magnesium (107%), while the sipunculid Phascolosoma has lower magnesium (69%) and sulphate (91%) but higher sodium (104%). 4. The cephalopod Sepia regulates all its ions except magnesium, range of values (expressed as percentage of concentration in dialysed plasma) being Na 92-94%, K 193-223%, Ca 84-97%, Mg 97-100%, Cl 105-106%, SO 4 17-29%. Protein averages 109 g./l. in the three specimens analysed. Fluid from the renal sacs contains high concentrations of NH 4 + ions, in two specimens 146 and 59 m.equiv./kg. water, and differs from a plasma ultrafiltrate in the concentration of all other ions. 5. The vitreous humour in the cephalopod eye is a clear protein-free fluid, isosmotic with the plasma within 1% but having ionic concentrations markedly different from those of a plasma ultrafiltrate or dialysate. In Sepia, Loligo and Eledone magnesium may be only 10-20% and sodium over 115% of the concentrations in a dialysate of the plasma. In one specimen of Sepia the aqueous fluid in front of the lens largely resembled sea water except for lower concentrations of magnesium and sulphate. 6. Among the decapod and stomatopod Crustacea regulation of all ions exists, ranges in eight species being Na 97-111%, K 120-156%, Ca 84-137%, Mg 32-99%, Cl 96-103%, SO 4 53-135%. Species of Portunus and Eupagurus show more regulation than Dromia and the spider-crabs Maia and Hyas . Regulation in the stomatopod Squilla resembles that in the portunid family. In the grapsoid crab Pachygrapsus each ion in the plasma is maintained below its equilibrium value: Na 94%, K 95%, Ca 92%, Mg 24%, Cl 87%, SO 4 46%; total ions 1.163g. ions/kg. water compared with 1.353 in sea water. 7. In sixteen crustaceans an inverse relationship exists between the degree of activity and the magnesium content of the blood: the more active ones have low values of magnesium.