Alternative Dispute Resolution in Environmental Enforcement Cases: A Call for Enhanced Assessment and Greater Use
Alternative Dispute Resolution in Environmental Enforcement Cases: A Call for Enhanced Assessment and Greater Use
复制标题
环境执法案件中的替代性争议解决：呼吁加强评估和更多使用
DOI：
10.58948/0738-6206.1058
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joseph A. Siegel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joseph A. Siegel
在2006财政年度，美国环境保护署(“环保署”)对违反联邦环境法的人发起了6371起民事执法行动。1其中有4647起行政处罚投诉，21438项行政合规命令，以及286起移交美国司法部在联邦地区法院备案的案件。3然而，尽管案件数量很多，1998年只有116起诉讼使用了非诉讼纠纷解决办法(“ADR”)，这是报告ADR案件总数的最后一年。4此外，尽管EPA保持着各类执法案件的强劲数字，但从1998到1998年间，并没有跟踪ADR案件总数。
In its 2006 fiscal year, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) initiated 6371 civil enforcement actions against violators of federal environmental laws.1 Among these actions were 4647 administrative penalty complaints,2 1438 administrative compliance orders, and 286 case referrals to the United States Department of Justice for filing in federal district court.3 Despite these large numbers of cases, however, alternative dispute resolution (“ADR”) was used in only 116 actions in 1998, the last year in which total ADR cases were reported.4 Further, while the EPA keeps robust numbers of the various types of enforcement cases, total ADR cases were not tracked between 1998 and