The Neuronal and Actin Commitment: Why Do Neurons Need Rings?
The Neuronal and Actin Commitment: Why Do Neurons Need Rings?
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DOI：
10.1002/cm.21273
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sousa, Monica Mendes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leite, Sergio Carvalho;Sousa, Monica Mendes
肌动蛋白细胞骨架在神经元中的作用已在富含肌动蛋白的隔室（例如生长锥和树棘）中得到广泛研究。最近在轴突和树突中发现的肌动蛋白环，以及轴突肌动蛋白踪迹的鉴定，促进了我们对神经元中肌动蛋白组织和动力学的理解。然而，特别是在肌动蛋白环的情况下，调节其成核和组装的机制，以及它们可能在轴突和树突中发挥的功能仍然在很大程度上未被探索。在这里，我们讨论了可能的结构，机械和功能特性的皮层下神经元细胞骨架把目前的知识的角度与信息形成的肌动蛋白环在其他生物背景下，并与组织肌动蛋白血影蛋白晶格在其他细胞类型。这些新的神经元肌动蛋白环结构的详细分析，以及肌动蛋白结合蛋白在神经元生物学中的功能的阐明，具有很大的潜力，以揭示在正常条件下神经元功能的新机制，可能会影响我们对轴突变性和再生的理解。(C)2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
The role of the actin cytoskeleton in neurons has been extensively studied in actin-enriched compartments such as the growth cone and dendritic spines. The recent discovery of actin rings in the axon shaft and in dendrites, together with the identification of axon actin trails, has advanced our understanding on actin organization and dynamics in neurons. However, specifically in the case of actin rings, the mechanisms regulating their nucleation and assembly, and the functions that they may exert in axons and dendrites remain largely unexplored. Here we discuss the possible structural, mechanistic and functional properties of the subcortical neuronal cytoskeleton putting the current knowledge in perspective with the information available on actin rings formed in other biological contexts, and with the organization of actin-spectrin lattices in other cell types. The detailed analysis of these novel neuronal actin ring structures, together with the elucidation of the function of actin-binding proteins in neuron biology, has a large potential to uncover new mechanisms of neuronal function under normal conditions that may have impact in our understanding of axon degeneration and regeneration. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.