Species richness and redundancy promote persistence of exploited mutualisms in yeast
Species richness and redundancy promote persistence of exploited mutualisms in yeast
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DOI：
10.1126/science.abb6703
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Mayra C. Vidal;Sheng Pei Wang;D. Rivers;D. Althoff;K. A. Segraves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mayra C. Vidal;Sheng Pei Wang;D. Rivers;D. Althoff;K. A. Segraves
物种丰富度维持互惠互利互利互惠互利的物种群落普遍存在于生态系统中，对生态系统的功能至关重要。然而，互惠共生的持久性和物种丰富度之间的关系仍然不清楚。Vidal等人在啤酒酵母中使用了一种合成的互惠共生，以实验的方式测试物种丰富度是否缓冲了互惠共生的社区，以防止那些不提供回报的物种的剥削。他们表明，更丰富的互利主义社区比成对互利主义更容易在剥削中生存下来，更高的物种丰富度和功能冗余使互利主义社区能够在剥削者存在的情况下持续存在。这些结果提供了实验支持的假设，物种丰富度是必要的功能和互惠社区的维护。科学，本期第346页酵母实验表明，物种丰富度缓冲了生态群落中互利互动的损失。互惠，或互利的种间相互作用，构成了许多生态群落和农业系统的基础。互利主义有不同的形式，从成对的相互作用到极其多样化的社区，它们不断受到非互利主义社区成员（剥削者）的剥削。因此，理解共生现象是如何持续存在的仍然是生态学中的一个基本问题。理论表明，在复杂的互惠共生群落中，高物种丰富度和功能冗余可以促进互惠共生的持久性。使用酵母系统（酿酒酵母），我们的实验表明，社区最大的互利丰富性和功能冗余的生存开发的可能性比简单的社区近两倍。持久性的提高是因为不同的社区能够更好地减轻与剥削者竞争的负面影响。因此，大型互惠网络可能会从本质上缓冲剥削。
Species richness maintains mutualisms Mutualistic communities of species that benefit each other are ubiquitous in ecosystems and are important for ecosystem functioning. However, the relationship between the persistence of mutualisms and species richness has remained unclear. Vidal et al. used a synthetic mutualism in brewer's yeast to experimentally test whether species richness buffers mutualistic communities against exploitation by species that do not provide benefits in return. They showed that richer mutualist communities survive exploitation more often than pairwise mutualisms and that higher species richness and functional redundancy allow mutualist communities to persist in the presence of exploiters. These results provide experimental support for the hypothesis that species richness is necessary for the function and maintenance of mutualistic communities. Science, this issue p. 346 Experiments with yeast show that species richness buffers against loss of mutualistic interactions in ecological communities. Mutualisms, or reciprocally beneficial interspecific interactions, constitute the foundation of many ecological communities and agricultural systems. Mutualisms come in different forms, from pairwise interactions to extremely diverse communities, and they are continually challenged with exploitation by nonmutualistic community members (exploiters). Thus, understanding how mutualisms persist remains an essential question in ecology. Theory suggests that high species richness and functional redundancy could promote mutualism persistence in complex mutualistic communities. Using a yeast system (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we experimentally show that communities with the greatest mutualist richness and functional redundancy are nearly two times more likely to survive exploitation than are simple communities. Persistence increased because diverse communities were better able to mitigate the negative effects of competition with exploiters. Thus, large mutualistic networks may be inherently buffered from exploitation.