A role for flexible loops in enzyme catalysis.

A role for flexible loops in enzyme catalysis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.sbi.2010.09.005
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发表时间:
2010-12
影响因子:
6.8
通讯作者:
Richard, John P.
Richard, John P.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Malabanan, M. Merced;Amyes, Tina L.;Richard, John P.

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三磷酸异构体酶(TIM)、甘油3-磷酸脱氢酶和欧罗替丁5'-单磷酸脱羧酶都利用亚磷酸二阴离子与柔性磷酸爪环相互作用产生的结合能,分别激活截断的磷酸二阴离子底物,进行酶催化的质子转移、氢化物转移和脱羧。对TIM的研究表明,环闭合对底物磷酸二氢离子的最重要的一般影响,以及相关的构象变化,是将水从酶活性位点挤出。这将导致有效活性位点介电常数的降低,以及与极性氨基酸侧链的静电相互作用增强的过渡态稳定性的增加。这些构象变化最重要的特殊作用是通过将活性位点谷氨酸基置于“疏水笼”中来增加其羧酸侧链的碱度。
Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase each use the binding energy from the interaction of phosphite dianion with a flexible phosphate gripper loop to activate a second, phosphodianion-truncated, substrate towards enzyme-catalyzed proton transfer, hydride transfer and decarboxylation, respectively. Studies on TIM suggest that the most important general effect of loop closure over the substrate phosphodianion, and the associated conformational changes, is to extrude water from the enzyme active site. This should cause a decrease in the effective active-site dielectric constant, and an increase in transition state stabilization from enhanced electrostatic interactions with polar amino acid side chains. The most important specific effect of these conformational changes is to increase the basicity of the carboxylate side chain of the active site glutamate base by its placement in a “hydrophobic cage”.
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