Urinary extracellular vesicles as source of biomarkers in kidney diseases.
Urinary extracellular vesicles as source of biomarkers in kidney diseases.
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尿液外囊泡作为肾脏疾病中生物标志物的来源。
DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00006
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Borràs FE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gámez-Valero A;Lozano-Ramos SI;Bancu I;Lauzurica-Valdemoros R;Borràs FE
大多数细胞在生理上释放囊泡作为细胞间通讯的方式。所谓的细胞外囊泡（EV）包括外泌体、外泌体和凋亡小体，它们在组成和亚细胞起源上基本上不同。具体而言，尿液中发现的EV反映了泌尿系统的状态，从足细胞到肾小管细胞，因此使其成为研究肾脏生理学和病理学的绝佳样本来源。几个研究小组都集中在定义肾脏相关疾病的生物标志物上，从移植排斥到代谢综合征。到目前为止，缺乏EV分离的标准方案排除了文献中提出的不同生物标志物之间进行适当比较的可能性，强调不仅需要在更大的患者队列中验证这些生物标志物，而且还需要考虑EV分离的不同方法。在这篇综述中，我们的目的是收集目前的知识EV相关的生物标志物在肾脏疾病，特别强调的方法，迄今用于EV富集，并讨论需要更具体的协议EV隔离在临床实践中。
Most cells physiologically release vesicles as way of intercellular communication. The so-called Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, ectosomes, and apoptotic bodies, which basically differ in their composition and subcellular origin. Specifically, EVs found in urine reflect the state of the urinary system, from podocytes to renal-tubular cells, thus making them an excellent source of samples for the study of kidney physiology and pathology. Several groups have focused on defining biomarkers of kidney-related disorders, from graft rejection to metabolic syndromes. So far, the lack of a standard protocol for EVs isolation precludes the possibility of a proper comparison among the different biomarkers proposed in the literature, stressing the need for validation of these biomarkers not only in larger cohorts of patients but also considering the different methods for EVs isolation. In this review, we aim to gather the current knowledge about EVs-related biomarkers in kidney diseases, with a special emphasis in the methods used to date for EVs enrichment, and discussing the need for more specific protocols of EV isolation in clinical practice.