Battle of the barnacle newcomers: niche compression in invading species in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Battle of the barnacle newcomers: niche compression in invading species in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
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藤壶新来者之战：夏威夷欧胡岛卡内奥赫湾入侵物种的生态位压缩
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
C. Zabin
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作者：
C. Zabin
生态上相似的物种的多次入侵可以被视为“自然”的增加实验，在这些实验中，对关键资源的获取可能会减少。可能的结果可能包括：(1)生态系统中已经存在的物种灭绝；(2)新的入侵者被排除在外；(3)生态位压缩，每个物种使用更少的共享资源。Chthamalus proteus是一种大约30年前到达夏威夷群岛的藤壶，现在是瓦胡岛潮间带最丰富和最广泛的非本地藤壶。在一系列的野外实验中，我证明了一种早期的入侵者——更大、生长更快的藤壶Balanus reticulatus——的丰度通过在两种藤壶物种重叠区域的基质抢占而减少。第三种藤壶，Balanus amphitrite，比其他两种更早入侵夏威夷，现在几乎从曾经丰富的地方消失了，而C. proteus现在是数量上的优势。B. amphitrite没有在移除了变形杆菌的培养皿上定居，这表明变形杆菌的存在并不是其衰落的近端原因。在瓦胡岛，特别是在盐度较低的环境中，仍然存在双栖双歧杆菌。据报道，在世界各地的其他地方，陆续入侵的藤壶相互取代，但瓦胡岛的入侵藤壶似乎正在经历生态位压缩，而不是完全取代。
Multiple invasions by ecologically similar species can be viewed as ‘natural’ addition experiments in which access to key resources might be reduced. Possible outcomes might include: (1) the extirpation of a species already present in the ecosystem, (2) the exclusion of a new invader, or (3) niche compression, with each species using less of the shared resource. Chthamalus proteus, a barnacle that arrived in the Hawaiian Islands ~30 yr ago, is now the most abundant and widespread non-native barnacle in the intertidal zone on the island of Oahu. In a series of field experiments, I demonstrate that the abundance of an earlier invader — the larger, faster growing barnacle Balanus reticulatus — is reduced via substrate pre-emption in the zone of overlap between the 2 barnacle species. A third barnacle, Balanus amphitrite, which invaded Hawaii earlier than the other two, is now virtually absent from locations where it was once abundant and where C. proteus is now the numerical dominant. B. amphitrite did not settle on plates from which C. proteus was removed, suggesting that the presence of C. proteus is not the proximal cause of its decline. B. amphitrite is still present on Oahu, particularly in lower salinity settings. While successively invading barnacles have reportedly replaced each other in other locations around the world, it appears that invasive barnacles on Oahu are undergoing niche compression rather than complete replacement.