Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001
Disparities in rates of unintended pregnancy in the United States, 1994 and 2001
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DOI：
10.1363/3809006
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Henshaw, Stanley K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finer, Larence B.;Henshaw, Stanley K.
背景：许多怀孕都是无意的，特别是在某些人群中。确定意外怀孕率和亚组之间的比率差异是否正在变化可能有助于政策制定者将生殖健康服务瞄准最需要的妇女。方法。为了计算意外怀孕率和相关结果，将 2002 年全国家庭成长调查中的怀孕意向数据与来自联邦、州和非政府来源的出生、堕胎和人口数据相结合。 结果：2001 年，499 例美国意外怀孕。意外怀孕率为每 1000 名 15-44 岁女性中有 51 人发生意外怀孕，这意味着该群体中有 5% 的人发生过意外怀孕。这一水平与 1994 年相比没有变化。2001 年，18-24 岁妇女、未婚（特别是同居）妇女、低收入妇女、未完成高中学业的妇女和少数族裔妇女的意外怀孕率大大高于平均水平。 1994年至2001年间，青少年、大学毕业生和最富有的女性的意外怀孕率有所下降，但贫困和受教育程度较低的女性的意外怀孕率有所上升。所有妇女的堕胎率和意外怀孕以堕胎告终的比例下降，而意外生育率则上升。 2001 年，有 48% 的意外怀孕发生在使用避孕药具的一个月内，而 1994 年为 5196 例。结论。需要更多的研究来确定收入和其他特征导致意外怀孕率差异的潜在因素。研究结果可能反映出需要增加和更有效地使用避孕药具，特别是在高危人群中。
CONTEXT: Many pregnancies are unintended, particularly in certain population groups. Determining whether unintended-pregnancy rates and disparities in rates between subgroups are changing may help policy makers target reproductive health services to those women most in need.METHODS. To calculate rates of unintended pregnancy and related outcomes, data on pregnancy intendedness from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth were combined with birth, abortion and population data from federal, state and nongovernmental sources.RESULTS: In 2001,499, of pregnancies in the United States were unintended. The unintended pregnancy rate was 51 per 1,000 women aged 15-44, meaning that 5% of this group had an unintended pregnancy. This level was unchanged from 1994. The rate of unintended pregnancy in 2001 was substantially above average among women aged 18-24, unmarried (particularly cohabiting) women, low-income women, women who had not completed high school and minority women. Between 1994 and 2001, the rate of unintended pregnancy declined among adolescents, college-graduates and the wealthiest women, but increased among poor and less educated women. The abortion rate and the proportion of unintended pregnancies ending in abortion among all women declined, while the unintended birth rate increased Forty-eight percent of unintended conceptions in 2001 occurred during a month when contraceptives were used, compared with 5196 in 1994.CONCLUSIONS. More research is needed to determine the factors underlying the disparities in unintended pregnancy rates by income and other characteristics. The findings may reflect a need for increased and more effective contraceptive use, particularly among high-risk groups.