Reconstructing paleoseismic deformation, 1: modern analogues from the 1960 and 2010 Chilean great earthquakes

Reconstructing paleoseismic deformation, 1: modern analogues from the 1960 and 2010 Chilean great earthquakes
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重建古地震形变,1:1960 年和 2010 年智利大地震的现代类比

DOI:
10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.007
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Garrett E
Garrett E
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garrett E

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1960年和2010年智利大地震为最大的巨型逆冲断层事件及其伴随的海啸的沉积特征提供了现代类似物。本文介绍了岩性和硅藻组合数据,从五个网站,并提供了关键的见解,更长的地震年表的发展,评估与俯冲带的地震危险性至关重要。我们发现,1960年和2010年海啸沉积物是零碎的,可变的,没有独特的,诊断硅藻组合。在震后快速沉积发生的地方,我们的基于转换函数的模型给出了同震变形的估计,同意独立估计的土地水平变化。2010年地震后两个地点的沉积间断表明,化石记录可能低估了同震变形的幅度。在沉积物堆积允许的地方,根据最大板块边界地震的证据区分地震和非地震地层的标准得到了2010年震级较小的地震的证实。重建地震特征的关键,如破裂震级和板块边界和上板块源之间的差异,取决于在多个地点应用明确的地层评估标准,以确定与每次地震相关的变形的空间模式。
The 1960, and 2010 Chilean great earthquakes provide modern analogues for the sedimentary signatures of the largest megathrust events and their accompanying tsunamis. This paper presents lithological and diatom assemblage data from five sites and provides key insights for the development of longer earthquake chronologies, essential for assessing the seismic hazards associated with a subduction zone. We find that the 1960 and 2010 tsunami deposits are fragmentary, variable and have no unique, diagnostic diatom assemblage. Where rapid postseismic sedimentation occurs, our diatom-based transfer function model gives estimates of coseismic deformation that agree with independent estimates of land-level change. Sedimentary hiatuses at two sites following the 2010 earthquake suggest that the magnitude of coseismic deformation may be underestimated in fossil records. Where sediment accumulation allows, criteria for distinguishing between seismic and non-seismic stratigraphies based on evidence for the largest plate boundary earthquakes are corroborated by the lesser magnitude earthquake of 2010. The key to reconstructing earthquake characteristics, such as rupture magnitude and differences between plate-boundary and upper plate sources, depends on applying explicit stratigraphic assessment criteria at multiple sites in order to identify the spatial pattern of deformation associated with each earthquake.
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