Early childhood lower respiratory illness and air pollution.
Early childhood lower respiratory illness and air pollution.
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儿童早期下呼吸道疾病和空气污染。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9617
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发表时间：
2007-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Sram, Radim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hertz-Picciotto, Irva;Baker, Rebecca James;Yap, Poh-Sin;Dostal, Miroslav;Joad, Jesse P;Lipsett, Michael;Greenfield, Teri;Herr, Caroline E W;Benes, Ivan;Shumway, Robert H;Pinkerton, Kent E;Sram, Radim
关于空气污染物的研究很少涉及学龄前儿童的发病率。在这项研究中，我们评估了捷克两个地区的儿童支气管炎：环境空气污染高的Teplice和低暴露的Prachatice。我们的目标是检查学龄前儿童下呼吸道疾病的发病率与环境颗粒和碳氢化合物的关系。每天、每隔3天、每隔6天监测直径< 2.5 μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）和多环芳烃（PAHs）。研究人员对1994年5月至1998年12月出生的儿童进行了随访，直到他们3岁或4.5岁，以确定疾病诊断。母亲们在出生时和随访时完成了关于人口、生活方式、生殖和家庭环境因素的问卷调查。纵向多变量重复测量分析用于量化1133名儿童支气管炎和全部下呼吸道疾病的发病率比。在调整了季节、温度和其他协变量后，支气管炎发病率随着污染物浓度的升高而增加。2岁以下，每增加30天平均100 ng/m3多环芳烃和25 μg/m3 PM2.5，支气管炎的发病率比（rr）分别为1.29[95%可信区间（CI）， 1.07-1.54]和1.30 (95% CI, 1.08-1.58)；2 ~ 4.5岁时，这些相对危险度分别为1.56 （95% CI, 1.22 ~ 2.00）和1.23 （95% CI, 0.94 ~ 1.62）。环境多环芳烃和细颗粒与生命早期支气管炎易感性有关。与细颗粒物相比，污染物平均时间越长，多环芳烃的相关性越强。学龄前儿童可能特别容易受到空气污染引起的疾病的影响。
Few studies of air pollutants address morbidity in preschool children. In this study we evaluated bronchitis in children from two Czech districts: Teplice, with high ambient air pollution, and Prachatice, characterized by lower exposures. Our goal was to examine rates of lower respiratory illnesses in preschool children in relation to ambient particles and hydrocarbons. Air monitoring for particulate matter < 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted daily, every third day, or every sixth day. Children born May 1994 through December 1998 were followed to 3 or 4.5 years of age to ascertain illness diagnoses. Mothers completed questionnaires at birth and at follow-up regarding demographic, lifestyle, reproductive, and home environmental factors. Longitudinal multivariate repeated-measures analysis was used to quantify rate ratios for bronchitis and for total lower respiratory illnesses in 1,133 children. After adjustment for season, temperature, and other covariates, bronchitis rates increased with rising pollutant concentrations. Below 2 years of age, increments in 30-day averages of 100 ng/m3 PAHs and of 25 μg/m3 PM2.5 resulted in rate ratios (RRs) for bronchitis of 1.29 [95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.07–1.54] and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.08–1.58), respectively; from 2 to 4.5 years of age, these RRs were 1.56 (95% CI, 1.22–2.00) and 1.23 (95% CI, 0.94–1.62), respectively. Ambient PAHs and fine particles were associated with early-life susceptibility to bronchitis. Associations were stronger for longer pollutant-averaging periods and, among children > 2 years of age, for PAHs compared with fine particles. Preschool-age children may be particularly vulnerable to air pollution–induced illnesses.