Priming the larval pump: resurgence of bay scallop recruitment following initiation of intensive restoration efforts
Priming the larval pump: resurgence of bay scallop recruitment following initiation of intensive restoration efforts
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启动幼虫泵：在开始密集的恢复工作后，海湾扇贝的招募再次出现
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher F. Smith
中科院分区：
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作者：
S. T. Tettelbach;B. Peterson;John M. Carroll;S. W. Hughes;D. Bonal;A. Weinstock;J. R. Europe;B. Furman;Christopher F. Smith
在1985年至1995年期间，美国纽约长岛东部Peconic海湾的扇贝种群和渔业被褐潮藻大量繁殖所摧毁。尽管自1995年以来没有褐潮，但在接下来的11年里，种群并没有自行恢复。我们假设这是由于招募限制，并启动了一个密集的恢复计划，通过高密度种植数百万个孵卵场饲养的扇贝来启动种群，以确保高受精成功率和增加幼虫供应。我们观察到，到2010年，与2005年至2006年（在密集恢复之前）相比，不同河口的幼虫招募增加了11至32倍；最显著的增长（329%）发生在东方港，这是恢复工作的重点。在东港和哈洛克湾，招募与我们的受精卵总产量指数高度相关，但在其他2个海湾则不相关，因为幼虫出口或种群高估可能损害了相关性。恢复后的再生与成虫繁殖力、水温、盐度、降雨量、叶绿素a、总颗粒氮或当地风的巧合变化无关；浮游生物捕食减少和外来幼虫注入被认为不太可能是驱动因素。我们得出结论，1995年褐潮后，Peconic湾扇贝的招募受到限制，最初是由我们的密集恢复努力推动的，后来是由自然种群的重建推动的。以高扇贝数量/密度进行的持续恢复可能有助于将自然种群提高到能够自我维持的阈值水平以上。
Bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians populations and fisheries in the Peconic Bays of eastern Long Island, New York, USA, were decimated by brown tide algal blooms between 1985 and 1995. Despite the absence of brown tide since 1995, populations did not recover on their own over the next 11 yr. We hypothesized that this was due to recruitment limitation and initiated an intensive restoration program to jump-start populations by planting several million hatchery-reared scallops at high densities to ensure high fertilization success and boost larval sup- ply. We observed 11- to 32-fold increases in larval recruitment in different embayments by 2010, compared to the period 2005 to 2006 (before intensive restoration); the most dramatic increase (3239%) occurred in Orient Harbor, the focus of restoration efforts. Recruitment was highly corre- lated with our index of total fertilized egg production in Orient Harbor and Hallock Bay, but not in 2 other embayments—where larval export or population overestimation probably compromised the correlation. Resurgent recruitment following restoration was not correlated to coincidental changes in adult fecundity, water temperature, salinity, rainfall, chlorophyll a, total particulate nitrogen, or local winds; decreased planktonic predation and allochthonous larval infusion were deemed unlikely drivers. We conclude that Peconic bay scallops were recruitment-limited follow- ing the 1995 brown tide and that resurgent recruitment was driven, initially, by our intensive res- toration efforts and later by the rebuilding natural populations. Sustained restoration, conducted with high scallop numbers/densities, may help boost natural populations above threshold levels at which they become self-sustaining.