A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments

A unifying basis for the interplay of stress and chemical processes in the Earth: support from diverse experiments
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地球中压力和化学过程相互作用的统一基础:来自不同实验的支持

DOI:
10.1007/s00410-020-01750-9
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Wheeler J
Wheeler J
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wheeler J

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应力和化学过程之间的相互作用是岩石演化的一个基本方面,与理解变质体积变化引起的压裂、压力溶解和扩散蠕变引起的变形以及应力对地壳和地幔中矿物反应的影响有关。对于应力和化学如何相互作用还没有一致的微观尺度理论,所以在这里我回顾了八种不同类型的实验对应力和化学之间关系的支持,这是特定于单个界面的:(化学势)=(亥姆霍兹自由能)+(界面处的法向应力)×(摩尔体积)。实验温度范围从-100到1300摄氏度,压力范围从1巴到1.8 GPa。该方程适用于流体边界和非相干固-固边界。这与描述溶液旁边的自由和受应力晶面行为的实验大体一致,这些实验记录了压力溶液和扩散蠕变的流动规律,解决了应力下的多晶转变,并研究了固态反应中的体积变化。这种一致性并不是在所有情况下都是定量的,但是这个等式仍然用来辅助解释。这意味着化学势随界面的变化而变化,因此在应力系统中没有唯一的反应驱动力。相反,整体的演变将由反应途径和动力学因素的组合决定。这里描述的方程应该是粒度模型的基础,这是预测应力和化学过程相互作用时更大尺度地球行为的先决条件。它适用于地球的所有深度,从最上层地壳(盆地压实作用的压力溶解、断层蠕变)、反应性流体流动系统(蛇纹岩化作用)、更深层地壳(造山变质作用)、上地幔(扩散蠕变)、过渡带(应力俯冲板块的相变)到下地幔和核心地幔边界(扩散蠕变)。
The interplay between stress and chemical processes is a fundamental aspect of how rocks evolve, relevant for understanding fracturing due to metamorphic volume change, deformation by pressure solution and diffusion creep, and the effects of stress on mineral reactions in crust and mantle. There is no agreed microscale theory for how stress and chemistry interact, so here I review support from eight different types of the experiment for a relationship between stress and chemistry which is specific to individual interfaces: (chemical potential) = (Helmholtz free energy) + (normal stress at interface) × (molar volume). The experiments encompass temperatures from -100 to 1300 degrees C and pressures from 1 bar to 1.8 GPa. The equation applies to boundaries with fluid and to incoherent solid–solid boundaries. It is broadly in accord with experiments that describe the behaviours of free and stressed crystal faces next to solutions, that document flow laws for pressure solution and diffusion creep, that address polymorphic transformations under stress, and that investigate volume changes in solid-state reactions. The accord is not in all cases quantitative, but the equation is still used to assist the explanation. An implication is that the chemical potential varies depending on the interface, so there is no unique driving force for reaction in stressed systems. Instead, the overall evolution will be determined by combinations of reaction pathways and kinetic factors. The equation described here should be a foundation for grain-scale models, which are a prerequisite for predicting larger scale Earth behaviour when stress and chemical processes interact. It is relevant for all depths in the Earth from the uppermost crust (pressure solution in basin compaction, creep on faults), reactive fluid flow systems (serpentinisation), the deeper crust (orogenic metamorphism), the upper mantle (diffusion creep), the transition zone (phase changes in stressed subducting slabs) to the lower mantle and core mantle boundary (diffusion creep).
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00805.x
发表时间: 2009
影响因子: 3.4
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