Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of Northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water
Marked increase in bladder and lung cancer mortality in a region of Northern Chile due to arsenic in drinking water
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DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009507
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Biggs, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, AH;Goycolea, M;Biggs, ML
台湾和阿根廷的研究表明，从饮用水中摄入无机砷会增加患内脏癌的风险，特别是膀胱癌和肺癌。作者调查了智利北方一个地区（区域II）近40万人的癌症死亡率，该地区在过去几年中暴露于高砷水平的饮用水中。获得了1950年至今的砷浓度。1955年至1969年，人口加权平均砷含量达到570微克/升，到1980年下降到100微克/升以下。计算了1989年至1993年的标准化死亡率。膀胱癌、肺癌、肾癌和皮肤癌的死亡率增加。膀胱癌死亡率显著升高（男性，SMR = 6.0（95%置信区间（CI）4.8-7.4）;女性，SMR = 8.2（95% CI 6.3-10.5）），肺癌死亡率也是如此（男性，SMR = 3.8（95% CI 3.5-4.1）;女性，SMR = 3.1（95% CI 2.7-3.7））。吸烟调查数据和慢性阻塞性肺疾病的死亡率提供了证据，表明吸烟并没有导致这些癌症死亡率的增加。这些发现提供了额外的证据，即饮用水中无机砷的摄入确实是膀胱癌和肺癌的一个原因。据估计，砷可能占30岁及以上人群死亡总数的7%。如果是这样的话，砷对智利第二区人口死亡率的影响大于迄今为止任何地方报道的主要人口环境暴露于致癌物质的影响。
Studies in Taiwan and Argentina suggest that ingestion of inorganic arsenic from drinking water results in increased risks of internal cancers, particularly bladder and lung cancer. The authors investigated cancer mortality in a population of around 400,000 people in a region of Northern Chile (Region II) exposed to high arsenic levels in drinking water in past years. Arsenic concentrations from 1950 to the present were obtained. Population-weighted average arsenic levels reached 570 mu g/liter between 1955 to 1969, and decreased to less than 100 mu g/liter by 1980. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for the years 1989 to 1993. Increased mortality was found for bladder, lung, kidney, and skin cancer. Bladder cancer mortality was markedly elevated (men, SMR = 6.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-7.4); women, SMR = 8.2 (95% CI 6.3-10.5)) as was lung cancer mortality (men, SMR = 3.8 (95% CI 3.5-4.1); women, SMR = 3.1 (95% CI 2.7-3.7)). Smoking survey data and mortality rates from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease provided evidence that smoking did not contribute to the increased mortality from these cancers. The findings provide additional evidence that ingestion of inorganic arsenic in drinking water is indeed a cause of bladder and lung cancer. It was estimated that arsenic might account for 7% of all deaths among those aged 30 years and over. If so, the impact of arsenic on the population mortality in Region II of Chile is greater than that reported anywhere to date from environmental exposure to a carcinogen in a major population.