Why Should Ecosystem Services Be Governed to Support Poverty Alleviation? Philosophical Perspectives on Positions in the Empirical Literature
Why Should Ecosystem Services Be Governed to Support Poverty Alleviation? Philosophical Perspectives on Positions in the Empirical Literature
复制标题
为何要对生态系统服务进行治理以助力扶贫？基于实证文献观点的哲学视角分析
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.03.003
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Fisher, Janet A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lehmann, Ina;Martin, Adrian;Fisher, Janet A.
鉴于与生态系统服务分配相关的权衡，我们调查了用来证明为什么生态系统治理应该优先考虑减轻贫困的普遍规范。我们特别关心减轻贫困，因为我们认为这是一个紧迫的正义问题。我们回顾了生态系统服务治理中社会权衡的实证文献，以确定普遍存在的正义概念，为当前实践的学术评估提供信息。我们发现，实证研究确实提出了正义的具体概念，作为生态系统服务治理的理想基准，但它们很少试图阐明这些概念的确切含义或使其可取的原因。对于我们在这些文献中确定的正义概念-充分主义，平等主义和参与式方法-我们借鉴哲学正义文献，以便更好地阐明可以支持它们的规范性论点，并更准确地描述它们所调用的行动和期望的类型。此外，我们指出了生态系统服务文献中一些引人注目的规范性沉默。我们的结论是，生态系统服务正义话语将受益于更清晰的概念和对正义不同方面的更广泛的审查。
In light of trade-offs related to the allocation of ecosystem services we investigate the prevalent norms that are drawn upon to justify why ecosystem governance should prioritise poverty alleviation. We are specifically concerned with poverty alleviation because we consider this an urgent problem of justice. We review empirical literature on social trade-offs in ecosystem services governance in order to identify the prevalent conceptions of justice that inform scholarly assessments of current practice. We find that empirical studies do present specific notions of justice as desirable benchmarks for ecosystem services governance but that they rarely attempt to spell out the precise meaning of these notions or what makes them desirable. For those notions of justice that we identify in this literature - sufficientarianism, egalitarianism and participatory approaches - we draw on philosophical justice literature in order to better articulate the normative arguments that could support them and to be more precise about the kind of actions and expectations that they invoke. Moreover, we point to some striking normative silences in the ecosystem services literature. We conclude that the ecosystem services justice discourse would benefit from more conceptual clarity and a broader examination of different aspects of justice.