Human Thermal Comfort Modeling the Impact of Different Cool Pavement Strategies
Human Thermal Comfort Modeling the Impact of Different Cool Pavement Strategies
复制标题
人体热舒适度：模拟不同凉爽路面策略的影响
DOI：
10.3141/2575-10
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Harvey, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Hui;He, Yuan;Harvey, John
冷路面策略有助于缓解热岛效应，改善炎热气候下的室外热环境。本研究探讨了低温路面策略对室外人体热舒适的影响。在人体能量平衡模型和热舒适模型的基础上，选择生理等效温度（PET）来评价和比较三种气候（加利福尼亚州萨克拉门托和洛杉矶以及亚利桑那州凤凰城）不同路面策略对夏季和冬季室外热环境的影响。评估的路面策略包括高反射率、蒸发、高反射率加蒸发、遮阳以及控制基线。采用高反射率路面降低路面表面温度；然而，增加路面反射率增加了平均辐射温度，因为反射到人体的辐射增加了，因此在炎热时期，三个地点的人体热舒适降低的风险增加了3%至8%。增加路面蒸发和用树木或其他树冠遮蔽路面是降低路面表面温度和PET的有效策略，有助于在炎热时期将人体热舒适性提高3%至28%。对于一些地区，如萨克拉门托，夏季炎热，冬季寒冷，一些用于改善夏季热环境的凉爽路面策略（例如路面蒸发或遮阳）可能会使寒冷的冬季稍微寒冷一些。因此，可以降低夏季高温但不能降低冬季低温的策略是可取的，例如仅在炎热的夏季增加蒸发或树木遮荫。
Cool pavement strategies could help mitigate the heat island effect and improve the outdoor thermal environment in hot climates. This study investigated the impact of cool pavement strategies on outdoor human thermal comfort. On the basis of the human body energy balance model and the thermal comfort model, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was selected to evaluate and compare the effects of different pavement strategies on the outdoor thermal environment for summer and winter in three climates (Sacramento and Los Angeles in California and Phoenix in Arizona). The pavement strategies evaluated included high reflectance, evaporation, high reflectance plus evaporation, and shading along with a baseline for control. The use of high-reflectance pavement reduced pavement surface temperature; however, increasing pavement reflectance increased mean radiant temperature, because of the increased reflected radiation hitting the human body, and consequently increased the risk of reducing human thermal comfort during hot periods by 3% to 8% in the three locations. Enhancing pavement evaporation and shading pavement with trees or other canopies were effective strategies for reducing pavement surface temperature and PET, helping improve human thermal comfort in hot periods by 3% to 28%. For some areas, such as Sacramento, where it is hot in summer and cold in winter, some cool pavement strategies (e.g., pavement evaporation or shading) used to improve the summer thermal environment might make the cold winter slightly colder. Therefore, strategies that can reduce summer hot temperatures but not reduce winter cold temperatures, such as enhancing evaporation or tree shading only in the hot summer, are desirable.