Tsunami modeling from submarine landslides
Tsunami modeling from submarine landslides
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海底滑坡的海啸模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Satake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Satake
开发了一个简单的运动学滑坡模型，该模型类似于地震断层模型，并与地震断层模型兼容，用于计算海底滑坡产生海啸。通过详细的条带测量估计的水深变化被用作初始条件，在每个点具有规定的滑坡传播速度和上升时间。该模型首先应用于日本海1741年的大岛-大岛海啸，那次海啸在北海道沿岸造成超过2000人伤亡，并造成远至朝鲜半岛的破坏。最近的调查表明，该部门的崩溃持续到海底，与之相关的体积变化高达2.5km3，与1980年圣海伦斯火山事件的变化相似。参数研究表明，10m/S的垂直滑坡速度和2min的上升时间最好地解释了观测到的海啸高度。相应的水平滑坡速度接近100m/S。该模型也适用于夏威夷周围的大型海底滑坡。瓦胡岛以北的诺阿奴滑坡总体积变化约3000千米3。对Nuuanu滑坡的计算表明，夏威夷群岛北部海岸的海啸高度超过100米，跨太平洋海啸强烈指向加利福尼亚州南部。
A simple kinematic landslide model, similar and compatible to the earthquake fault model, is developed to compute tsunami generation from submarine landslides. Changes in bathymetry estimated from detailed swath surveys are used as an initial condition, with prescribed propagating velocity of landslides and rise time at each point. The model is first applied to the 1741 Oshima-Oshima tsunami in the Japan Sea, which caused more than 2000 casualties along the Hokkaido coast and damage as far as the Korean Peninsula. Recent surveys indicate that the sector collapse continues to ocean bottom and the associated volume change is as large as 2.5 km 3 , similar to that of the 1980 Mount St. Helens event. Parameter studies show that the vertical landslide velocity of 10 m/s and the rise time of 2 min best explain the observed tsunami heights. The corresponding horizontal landslide velocity is nearly 100 m/s. The model is also applied to giant submarine landslides around Hawaii. The total volume change for the Nuuanu landslide, north of Oahu, is about 3000 km 3 . Computations for the Nuuanu landslide indicate that tsunami heights are more than 100 m on the northern coasts of the Hawaiian Islands and the trans-Pacific tsunami is strongly directed toward southern California.