The “Triasscholle” near Greiz, Germany—a volcanic origin?

The “Triasscholle” near Greiz, Germany—a volcanic origin?
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德国格赖茨附近的“Triasscholle”是火山起源吗?

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-014-0806-x
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Kämpf
Kämpf
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nickschick;Kämpf

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在德国图林根州东部的格赖茨市附近,有一个地层上不连贯的角砾岩,包裹在下石炭统的页岩中,其中包括较大的三叠纪沉积物块,即所谓的三叠系。这种角砾岩的成因以前曾被解释为构造。近年来,地磁学和重力学等地球物理方法已应用于该地区。我们发现,该地层的特点是缺乏磁异常,但它有一个明显的,空间上很小的重力异常,大约为-2 mGal,其形状暗示了一个大约是先前建议大小两倍的结构。大部分可用的地质信息来自位于西南部靠近先前假设的边缘的较旧的岩心。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究的岩芯样品从polymict角砾岩在不同的深度显示的碳酸盐颗粒的碎裂变形的上部,而我们发现半自形和自形分区碳酸盐颗粒具有的钙长石/方解石的组合物的核心以及边缘的铁白云石组合物暗示强烈的热液影响。角砾岩本身含有来自更深处的花岗岩包体,表明有向上的搬运过程。这和塑性变形低于95米的深度,无论是在宏观和微观尺度上,表明异常增加的热量与深度和材料运输从深度。根据重力最小值和角砾岩样品的扫描电镜研究,我们认为格赖茨附近的Triasscholle是一个深侵蚀的maar-diatreme火山。根据基质上的花粉分析结果,该地层可被认为是Santonian或更年轻(≤85 Ma)。最有趣的是角砾岩的主要碳酸盐成分的改变,深侵蚀水平的diatreme和多学科的方法对重新解释这个以前被误解的结构。
Near the city of Greiz in Eastern Thuringia, Germany, there is a stratigraphically non-coherent breccia encased in shales from the Lower Carboniferous that includes larger blocks of Triassic sediments, the so-called Triasscholle. The origin of this breccia has previously been interpreted tectonically. The geophysical methods of geomagnetics and gravimetry have recently been applied to the area. We found that the formation is characterised by a lack of a magnetic anomaly, but it has a distinct, spatially small gravity anomaly of approximately −2 mGal and whose shape hints at a structure about twice the previously suggested size. Most of the geological information available is derived from older drill cores located in the southwest part near the previously assumed margin. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations on drill core samples from the polymict breccia at different depths show a cataclastic deformation of carbonate grains in the upper parts, while we find hypidiomorphic and idiomorphic zoned carbonate grains featuring a dolomitic/calcitic composition within the core as well as rims of ankeritic composition hinting at intense hydrothermal influence. The breccia itself contains granitoidic xenoliths from greater depths, which indicate upward transport processes. This and plastic deformation below 95m depth, both on macroscopic and microscopic scales, indicates an anomalous increase of heat with depth and material transport from depth. Judging from the gravimetric minimum and the SEM investigations on the breccia samples, we assume the Triasscholle near Greiz to be a deeply eroded maar-diatreme volcano. From pollen analysis results on the matrix, the formation can be considered Santonian or younger in age (≤85 Ma). Most interesting are the alteration of the mainly carbonatic components of the breccia, the deep erosion level of the diatreme and the multidisciplinary approach towards the reinterpretation of this formerly misinterpreted structure.
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