Exploring the Role of Astroglial Glutamate Release and Association With Synapses in Neuronal Function and Behavior.
Exploring the Role of Astroglial Glutamate Release and Association With Synapses in Neuronal Function and Behavior.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.029
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Scofield MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scofield MD
星形细胞是星状细胞，其外观类似于一颗尖星，特别是当观察到胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)时，胶质纤维酸性蛋白是星形细胞的典型标志。因此，在夜空中发光的光点和弥漫而丰富的细胞之间存在着一种普遍的联系，这些细胞缓冲离子并为神经元提供支持。对于这些细胞，特别是关于它们释放神经活性分子和影响突触可塑性的能力，已经被归因于、否定和潜在地被重申了大量的功能。这使得星形胶质细胞在调节神经通讯方面的确切作用似乎很难把握。然而，来自成瘾动物模型的数据表明，在调节谷氨酸摄取和释放的星形胶质细胞系统中，发生了导致复发易感性的各种药物诱导的分子适应。这些发现突出表明，星形胶质细胞是导致成瘾的神经系统的关键组成部分，是导致复发和寻求毒品的可塑性的关键组成部分。在这里，我收集了最近的发现，这些发现利用遗传工具选择性地操纵或测量星形胶质细胞内钙的流量，重点是GPCR介导的钙动员和谷氨酸释放的诱导。此外，我汇编了关于星形胶质细胞谷氨酸释放以及星形胶质细胞与突触的关联的证据，关于这些细胞现象在塑造突触传递中的影响。我还把这些发现放在Scofield等人之前的研究背景下，这些研究探索了伏隔核星形胶质细胞在寻找可卡因的神经机制中的作用。
Astrocytes are stellate cells whose appearance can resemble a pointed star, especially when visualizing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a canonical marker for astrocytes. Accordingly, there is a commonly made connection between the points of light that shine in the night sky and the diffuse and abundant cells that buffer ions and provide support for neurons. An exceptional amount of function has been attributed to, negated and potentially reaffirmed for these cells, especially regarding their ability to release neuroactive molecules and influence synaptic plasticity. This makes the precise role of astrocytes in tuning neural communication seem difficult to grasp. However, data from animal models of addiction demonstrate that a variety of drug-induced molecular adaptations responsible for relapse vulnerability take place in astrocyte systems that regulate glutamate uptake and release. These findings highlight astrocytes as a critical component of the neural systems responsible for addiction, serving as a key component of the plasticity responsible for relapse and drug-seeking. Here I assemble recent findings that utilize genetic tools to selectively manipulate or measure flux of internal calcium in astrocytes, focusing on GPCR-mediated mobilization of calcium and the induction of glutamate release. Further, I compile evidence regarding astrocyte glutamate release as well as astrocyte association with synapses with respect to the impact of these cellular phenomena in shaping synaptic transmission. I also place these findings in the context of the previous studies of Scofield et al which explore the role of astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens in the neural mechanisms underlying cocaine seeking.
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