Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats
Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.091591198
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发表时间：
2001-05-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Taberlet, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luikart, G;Gielly, L;Taberlet, P
家畜在人类历史上发挥了关键作用。然而，尽管它们很重要，但大多数驯化物种的起源仍然知之甚少。我们通过对分布在旧世界的 88 个品种的 406 只山羊的 mtDNA 控制区的高变片段 (481 bp) 进行测序，评估了家养山羊的系统发育历史和种群结构。系统发育分析揭示了三个高度分化的山羊谱系（估计分化 > 200,000 年前），其中一个谱系仅出现在东亚和南亚。牛、羊和猪也存在非常相似的模式。这些结果与最近的考古发现相结合，表明山羊和其他农场动物具有多个母系起源，可能的起源中心位于亚洲以及新月沃地。山羊线粒体DNA多样性的模式表明，所有三个谱系都经历了种群扩张，但其中两个谱系（包括亚洲谱系）的扩张相对较新。令人惊讶的是，山羊种群的遗传结构比牛种群要少。在山羊中，只有大约 10% 的 mtDNA 变异分布在各大洲之间。在牛中，该含量大于或等于 50%。这种薄弱的结构表明山羊进行了广泛的洲际运输，并对山羊在人类历史迁徙和商业中的重要性产生了有趣的影响。
Domestic animals have played a key role in human history. Despite their importance, however, the origins of most domestic species remain poorly understood. We assessed the phylogenetic history and population structure of domestic goats by sequencing a hypervariable segment (481 bp) of the mtDNA control region from 406 goats representing 88 breeds distributed across the Old World, Phylogeographic analysis revealed three highly divergent goat lineages (estimated divergence > 200,000 years ago), with one lineage occurring only in eastern and southern Asia. A remarkably similar pattern exists in cattle, sheep, and pigs. These results, combined with recent archaeological findings, suggest that goats and other farm animals have multiple maternal origins with a possible center of origin in Asia, as well as in the Fertile Crescent. The pattern of goat mtDNA diversity suggests that all three lineages have undergone population expansions, but that the expansion was relatively recent for two of the lineages (including the Asian lineage). Goat populations are surprisingly less genetically structured than cattle populations. In goats only approximate to 10% of the mtDNA variation is partitioned among continents. In cattle the amount is greater than or equal to 50%. This weak structuring suggests extensive intercontinental transportation of goats and has intriguing implications about the importance of goats in historical human migrations and commerce.