Immunology of tuberculosis and implications in vaccine development
Immunology of tuberculosis and implications in vaccine development
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tube.2003.08.010
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Flynn, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flynn, JL
结核分枝杆菌是一种非常成功的病原体，面对强大的免疫反应，它可以在人类宿主中生存并持续存在。这种免疫反应足以预防大多数感染者的疾病，提供了令人信服的证据证明对结核病的免疫力是可能的。然而，更引人注目的是，无论是在初始感染期间还是在感染的持续或潜伏阶段，强烈的免疫反应通常不能有效地消除微生物。对动物模型和人类的研究表明，多种免疫成分参与了针对结核病的有效反应。这些成分包括 T 细胞（CD4+ 和 CD8+）、细胞因子（包括 IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α 和 IL-6）以及巨噬细胞。这些细胞和分子（以及其他）的确切作用和功能仍在确定中，并且在急性和慢性感染中可能有所不同。这些免疫反应旨在抑制或消除宿主组织内的结核杆菌。每年估计有 800 万新发结核病例清楚地表明，这些应对措施并不总是有效。结核病显然已进化出多种机制来逃避免疫反应的破坏。研究宿主和病原体将阐明潜在的候选疫苗。在这篇综述中，将讨论免疫成分在结核分枝杆菌反应中的已知功能以及对疫苗开发的影响。 (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a very successful pathogen that can survive and persist in the human host in the face of a robust immune response. This immune response is sufficient to prevent disease in the majority of infected persons,, providing compelling evidence that immunity to tuberculosis is possible. However, it is more striking that the strong immune response is not generally effective at eliminating the organisms, during either initial infection or the persistent or latent phase of infection. Studies in animal models and in humans have demonstrated the wide range of immune components involved in the effective response against A tuberculosis. These components include T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+), cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, and macrophages. The precise roles and functions of these cells and molecules (and others) are still being defined and may differ in acute and chronic infection. These immune responses are directed towards containing or eliminating the tubercle bacillus within the tissues of the host. The estimated eight million new cases of tuberculosis each year clearly demonstrate that these responses are not always effective. A tuberculosis has obviously evolved a variety of mechanisms to evade destruction by the immune response. Studying both the host and the pathogen wilt elucidate potential vaccine candidates. In this review, the known functions of immune components in the response to M. tuberculosis and implications for vaccine development will be discussed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.