Gas-Slag-Metal Reactions for Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Steel-making

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Low oxygen sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen contents are often required to produce the new generation of quality steels. New ladle metallurgical processes for removal of oxygen and sulfur often add hydrogen and nitrogen, which are harmful to mechanical properties and cause porosity. The objective of this research is to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of the relevant gas-slag and slag-metal reactions with particular emphasis on the behavior of hydrogen and nitrogen contents.