Observational and Theoretical Cosmology and Related Topics

一系列广泛的研究项目涉及星系，类星体， 引力透镜、星系团和球状星星 将进行集群。 虽然理论上 研究将完成，主要的推力是观察。 的 理论程序是试图理解，建模，或 预测基本观测结果。 一些工具 将所有这些程序结合起来的增强功能改善了我们的 了解自然的本质，起源和进化 银河系外天体的基本类别。 希望 并相信这样一个更好的理解将提供 对宇宙整体性质的批判性见解， 这就是宇宙的宇宙学。 具体项目的目的是提供1）详细的模型 对于以星系形成为主的星系，2）直接确定 暗星系团中星系演化的性质，3）a 统计学上有用的引力透镜样本，4）详细 已知透镜系统的观测研究，5）详细研究 遥远星系团的性质，6）a 类星体光度红移分布的测定 （7）明确界定了 1146+111B，C 8）详细的动力学和 几个研究得很好的球状星团的人口模型，9） 一个由自动化定位的微弱可变物体的样本 调查，10）的几个详细方面的说明， 星系的内部动力学和相互作用，以及11）模型 Malmquist偏差对河外距离的影响 尺度和特殊速度场的确定。

A broad set of research projects concerning galaxies, quasars, gravitational lenses, clusters of galaxies, and globular star clusters will be carried out. Although substantial theoretical research will be done, the primary thrust is observational. The theoretical programs are attempts to understand, model, or predictbasic observational results. Some instrumental enhancements uniting all of these programs have improved our understanding of the nature, origin, and evolution of the fundamental classes of extragalactic objects above. It is hoped and believed that such an improved understanding will provide critical insights into the properties of the Universe as a whole, that is the cosmology of the Universe. The specific projects are intended to provide 1) a detailed model for infall dominated galaxy formation, 2) a direct determination of the nature of galaxy evolution in faint clusters, 3) a statistically useful sample of gravitational lenses, 4) detailed observational studies of known lens systems, 5) a detailed study of the properties of distant clusters of galaxies, 6) a determination of the quasar luminosity-redshift distribution near the cutoff, 7) a clear determination of the nature of the remarkable quasar pair 1146+111B, C 8) detailed dynamical and population models for several well studied globular clusters, 9) a sample of faint variable objects located by an automated survey, 10) an elucidation of several detailed aspects of the internal dynamics and interactions of galaxies, and 11) a model of the effects of Malmquist biases on the extragalactic distance scale and determinations of peculiar velocity fields.