Chemical and Physical Studies of Hydrothermal Plumes at the Mid-Ocean Ridge Axis

大洋中脊轴热液羽流的化学和物理研究

• 批准号: 8712475
• 负责人: Michael Mottl
• 金额: $ 16.58万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-01-01 至 1990-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8712475&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemical; Physical; Studies; Hydrothermal; Plumes

Hydrothermal venting along axes of seafloor spreading in the eastern Pacific gives rise to bouyant plumes of warm water which rise and mix with ocean bottom waters. These plumes are an important measure of hydrothermal output and dispersal of both heat and chemicals, and an exploration guide for new vent fields, yet little is known about their physical structure or the chemical processes which occur within them. Drs. Mottl and Von Herzen have developed a method for measuring and characterizing the hydrothermal flux of heat and chemicals on the scale of an individual vent field, using a 50 m high moored instrument array suspended above the submersible ALVIN via flotation. With this device, which was tested successfully on the East Pacific Rise in 1984, they can measure the three-dimensional temperature field of a plume and collect two-dimensional profiles of flow velocity, conductivity, pressure, and particle concentration via light transmittance, plus samples of water containing suspended particles of black sulfide "smoke" from various heights above the vents. They propose to apply this technique to a series of contiguous vent fields along a 10 km segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, as part of an integrated program of physical, chemical, and geologic observations their objectives are to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the vent field plumes, to compare these with plume theory, to estimate the chemical and heat fluxes from the vent fields and along the total segment due to both localized hot spring and diffuse warm spring venting, to identify chemical processes occurring within the plumes, and to determine the importance of these processes for the fate of the hydrothermal input. They will also compile a geologic map and description of the vent field and associated massive sulfide deposits.

沿海底扩张轴的热液沿着喷出 东太平洋产生了温暖的浮力羽流， 上升并与海底沃茨混合。 这些羽毛是 热液输出和扩散重要措施 以及新喷口区勘探指南， 然而，人们对它们的物理结构或 其中发生的化学反应。 Mottl和Von医生 赫尔岑开发了一种测量和表征 热液通量的热量和化学物质的规模 单个喷口区，使用50米高的系泊仪器阵列 漂浮在潜水器ALVIN上方。 与此 该装置于年在东太平洋海隆成功测试， 1984年，他们可以测量的三维温度场的 并收集流速的二维剖面， 传导率、压力和颗粒浓度通过光 透光率，加上含有悬浮物的水样 黑色硫化物颗粒“烟雾”从不同的高度以上的 通风口。 他们建议将这项技术应用于一系列 沿胡安德富卡河10公里段沿着的毗连喷口区 岭，作为物理，化学， 他们的目标是描述 喷口区羽流的物理和化学结构， 将这些与羽流理论进行比较，以估计化学物质和 热通量从喷口领域和沿着整个部分，由于 局部温泉和扩散温泉通风， 确定羽流中发生的化学过程，并 确定这些进程的重要性， 热液输入 他们还将编制一份地质图， 喷口区和相关块状硫化物的描述 存款