The Ultraviolet Radiation Environment of Antarctica

南极洲上空平流层臭氧的减少 春天的到来引起了人们对一种 增强的太阳紫外辐射通量。 尽管很少有生命形式 居住在南极大陆本身，对海洋的潜在影响 和沿岸生物是值得进一步研究的问题。 此外，这种情况提供了一个机会，以测试模型， 紫外线辐射的大气透射率， 臭氧浓度 弗雷德里克提出定义的气候学 南极洲和附近海洋的紫外线辐射。 紫外线辐射的测量将采取之前，期间， 在春季臭氧消耗之后，使用扫描 分光辐射计位于三个南极站（南极， Palmer和麦克默多）。 弗雷德里克发明了一种双流辐射 传输模型，包括臭氧吸收，多重瑞利 散射、从较低边界的反射以及被云散射。 紫外线辐射气候学将在整个 南极地区全年的阳光照射部分使用地面- 根据现有地点的数据， 大陆，以及一套基于 弗雷德里克的模型。 此外，数据将用于评估 环境紫外线水平对健康和生物的影响 辐射

The decrease in stratospheric ozone over Antarctica during the Austral spring has prompted concern over potential biological effects of an enhanced solar ultraviolet radiation flux. Although few life forms inhabit the Antarctic continent itself, the potential impacts on oceanic and coastal organisms are issues which merit further study. Furthermore, the situation provides an opportunity to test models of atmospheric transmittance of ultraviolet radiation as a function of ozone concentration. Frederick proposes to define the climatology of ultraviolet radiation over Antarctica and the nearby ocean. Measurements of ultraviolet radiation will be taken before, during, and after the period of springtime ozone depletion, using scanning spectroradiometers located at three Antarctic stations (South Pole, Palmer, and McMurdo). Frederick has developed a two-stream radiative transfer model which includes absorption by ozone, multiple Rayleigh scattering, reflection from a lower boundary, and scattering by clouds. Ultraviolet radiation climatology will be developed for the entire Antarctic region over the sunlit portion of an entire year using ground- based data at the available sites, satellite measurements of ozone over the continent, and a set of radiative transfer calculations based on Frederick's model. In addition, data will be used to evaluate the health and biological consequences of the ambient levels of ultraviolet radiation.