The Impact of the Bakke Decision on Minority Enrollment

10年前，在加州大学董事会诉加州大学董事会一案中， 巴克，美国最高法院宣布， 位于戴维斯的加州大学医学院。 的 计划在每年的入学班中保留100个名额中的16个 为少数种族。 该裁决通常被解释为 这意味着学校不能使用配额，但可以实践， 平权行动 巴克案几乎成了家喻户晓的 在做出决定之前。 在公众看来， 案件将大大有助于象征性地定下基调， 决定了美国社会平权行动的速度。 此外，它将决定许多专业人员的有效性， 学校的招生计划，因此， 这些专业学校的课程。 令人惊讶的是， 尽管它是许多国家中最著名的案件之一， 多年来，巴基的实际影响是未知的。 无严重 科学研究试图确定巴基是否有 对向上流动的关键路径产生重大影响-- 专业学校。 韦尔奇和格鲁博士将试图通过评估来弥补这一差距。 巴基决定对少数民族入学率的影响 医学院和法学院。 他们将收集三个数据集：（1） 第一年少数民族入学的国家综合数据 1964年至1986年法学院和医学院的课程;（2）时间 个别医学院和法学院的系列数据;（3）调查 招生官员的数据。 多变量和中断时间 系列分析将用于检验一般假设， 最高法院取消配额的决定， 一些机构的招生模式发生了变化，但 最高法院允许平权行动的政策 明显的变化。 这项研究不仅重要，因为它是第一个 对广泛讨论的影响的实证调查， 有争议的巴基案，但也巴基的决定提供了一个 相对罕见的机会，系统地研究影响， 全国范围内的一项重要法院判决， 私人官员。 通常，司法学者被迫 在这种情况下，只考虑其中一小部分机构 执行法院裁决的机构（警察部门或 例如学校）。 这项研究将审查每一项法律， 医学院的决定，并将能够摆脱 关于法院作用的重要理论问题 作为政策制定者，法院判决对 以及不同类型的组织 对法院判决作出回应。

A decade ago, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the admissions plan of the medical school at the University of California, Davis. The plan reserved sixteen of 100 places in each year's entering class for racial minorities. The ruling generally has been interpreted to mean that schools cannot use quotas but can practice affirmative action. The Bakke case became almost a household word before the decision was reached. In the public's view, the case would go a long way toward symbolically setting the tone and determining the speed of affirmative action in American society. In addition, it would determine the validity of many professional schools' admissions plans and, therefore, the composition of these professional schools' classes in the future. Surprisingly, despite its status as one of the most celebrated cases in many years, the actual impact of Bakke is unknown. No serious scientific study has attempted to determine if Bakke had a significant effect on the crucial path to upward mobility-- professional schools. Drs. Welch and Gruhl will attempt to remedy this gap by assessing the impact of the Bakke decision on minority enrollments in medical and law schools. They will assemble three data sets: (1) aggregate national data on minority enrollments in the first year classes of law and medical schools from 1964 to 1986; (2) time series data on individual medical and law schools; and (3) survey data from admissions officers. Multivariate and interrupted time series analyses will be used to test the general hypotheses that the Court's decision striking down quotas made a significant change in the admissions patterns of several institutions, but that the Court's policy allowing affirmative action made less of a visible change. Not only is this research important because it is the first empirical inquiry into the effects of the widely discussed and controversial Bakke case, but also the Bakke decision offers a relatively rare opportunity to examine systematically the impact of an important Court decision nationwide on both public and private officials. Often, judicial scholars are forced by circumstances to look at only a small portion of those agencies that implement the Court's decision (police departments or schools, for example). This study will examine every law and medical school affected by the decision and will be able to shed light on important theoretical questions about the role courts play as policy makers, the impact court decisions have on behavior nationwide, and how different types of organizations respond to a court decision.