The Chemical Ecology of Antarctic Shallow-water Sponges: An Investigation of Toxicity and Feeding Deterrence

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This investigation will examine the chemical ecology of many of the most abundant and conspicuous benthic sponges in the shallow continental shelf waters of Antarctica. This represents the first comprehensive analysis of toxicological and feeding deterrent characteristics of marine sponges in any polar system. The multi-bioassay approach will employ a variety of organisms including embryonic, juvenile and adult marine invertebrates, and marine vertebrates, which co-occur with sponges. Recent evidence suggests that toxicity is common in antarctic sponges. Importantly, those sponges which reveal biological activity will be chemically analyzed to isolate and elucidate their active metabolites. Moreover, given the high potential for novel chemical compounds, extracts of antarctic marine sponges will be tested for anti- viral and anti-tumor activity. The proposed study will facilitate an understanding of latitudinal and taxonomic patterns of toxicity in marine sponges and, ultimately, provide important information on the role of chemical compounds in the ecology of antarctic benthic communities.