Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Studies of Igneous Rocks and Associated Hydrothermal Metamorphism

建立了18 O/16 O反应动力学方程 矿物和热液之间的交换， 用作“氧同位素钟”。 共存的18个价值观 矿物代表等时线，可以测量“寿命” 和化石热液系统的水/岩比， 进行冗长的计算机模拟 我们希望应用这些 各种裂谷带环境的概念，其中增强 裂缝渗透性允许地表沃茨的深循环。 浅层的、短命的系统已经得到了很好的研究，但更深层次的， 寿命更长，温度更高的系统过渡到地壳熔融 我们对此知之甚少。 我们打算研究这种“热液- （1）海西期变质体系 欧洲，包括黑色混合岩的典型区域 森林，西德国。 (2)裂谷带环境中的火山作用， 特别是在冰岛，内华达州的大盆地， 河平原，爱达荷州。 (3)阿拉伯的传播中心，包括 22 Ma陆上热液系统（红海开放），以及 一个95 Ma的海底系统（阿曼蛇绿岩杂岩）。 此外，我们需要提高对18 O/16 O的理解 大陆地壳和上地幔的地球化学，特别是 （4）不同类型的碎屑沉积岩， 变质等级，以更好地定义地球化学循环 ~（18）O/~（16）O和D/H值。 （五） 位于意大利北方的伊夫雷亚地区，也许是最好的 穿过最低的大陆地壳。 (6)第四纪- 意大利时代的火成岩。 (7)榴辉岩和橄榄岩 捕虏体，以更好地确定流体-岩石的相互作用， 地幔，并试图确定古代俯冲洋壳， 这些次大陆岩石圈。

We have developed equations for the kinetics of 18O/16O exchange between minerals and hydrothermal fluids that can be used as an "oxygen isotope clock". The 18 values of coexisting minerals represent isochrons that can measure the "life-times" and water/rock ratios of fossil hydrothermal systems without doing lengthy computer simulations. We wish to apply these concepts to various rift-zone environments, where enhanced fracture permeability allows deep circulation of surface waters. Shallow, short-lived systems have been well studied, but deeper, longer-lived, and hotter systems transitional to crustal melting are poorly understood. We intend to study such "hydrothermal- anatetic" magmas in: (1) Hercynian-age Metamorphic Systems in Europe, including the classic area of migmatites in the Black Forest, West Germany. (2) Volcanism in Rift-Zone Environments, notably in Iceland, the Great Basin in Nevada, and the Snake River Plain, Idaho. (3) Spreading Centers in Arabia, including a 22 Ma subaerial hydrothermal system (opening of the Red Sea), and a 95 Ma submarine system (Oman ophiolite complex). Also, we need to improve our understanding of the 18O/16O geochemistry of the continental crust and upper mantle, notably in: (4) Detrital Sedimentary Rocks of different types and metamorphic grades to better define the geochemical cycles of 18O/16O and D/H during digeneses, metamorphism and melting. (5) The Ivrea Zone, Northern Italy, perhaps the best available section through the lowermost continental crust. (6) Quaternary- Age Igneous Rocks of Italy. (7) Eclogite and Periodotite Xenoliths to better define fluid-rock interactions in the upper mantle, and to try to identify ancient subducted oceanic crust in these sub-continental lithosphere.