The Phylogenetic System of the Vespidae: The Polistinae (Hymenoptera)

纸黄蜂是一个多样化的热带集团内的家庭 胡蜂科胡蜂及其社会行为和复杂的巢 建筑一直是大量研究的对象。 博士 詹姆斯·卡彭特（James Carpenter）提出了一项对进化的分析， 对Polybia属群的种类进行了分类。 的 这项研究将使用一个成年人的字符组合揭示了 电子显微镜、幼虫形态学和巢结构。 新的数据分析方法将导致重建 群体进化关系的一部分 分类检索表和 此外，亦会印制身份识别指引。 对纸蜂的进化分类 其影响超出了分类学专家的范围。 博士 卡彭特建议构建一个框架， 行为、地理和功能假设的集合， 测试. 这项研究将打开一扇大门， 比较研究项目。

Paper wasps are a diverse tropical group within the family Vespidae, and their social behavior and complicated nest architecture have been the subjects of considerable study. Dr. James Carpenter proposes an analysis of the evolution and classification of the species in the Polybia genus-group. The study will use a combination of adult characters revealed by electron microscopy, larval morphology, and nest architecture. New approaches to data analysis will result in a reconstruction of the group's evolutionary relationships. Taxonomic keys and guides to identification will also be produced. An evolutionary classification of the paper wasps would have impact beyond the confines of taxonomic specialists. Dr. Carpenter proposes to construct the framework on which a variety of behavioral, biogeographic, and functional hypotheses can be tested. This study will open the door to a diverse array of comparative research projects.