Thrips and Erigeron glaucus: Local Adaptation to IndividualPlant Clones and the Role of Sexuality

问题是当地是否适应了树叶喂养 食草动物发生在个体的小尺度上 基因型和如何重组和引进新的 等位基因通过有性生殖影响局部适应， 植物和昆虫都将受到检查。 寄主植物飞蓬 灰蓝，是一种长寿，垫形成植物，生产两者 无融合生殖种子和异交种子。 食草动物，一种蓟马 Apterothrips secticornis每年经历许多代 并通过无性或有性繁殖产生后代。 模式 繁殖（有性与无性）的植物和 草食动物可以通过实验来操纵。 以前的工作 表明蓟马的种群增长非常强劲， 受寄主植物变异的影响。 相反，初步 有证据表明，蓟马可以减少种子产量， 他们的主人。 为了确定蓟马是否表现出对 个体宿主，遗传品系的种群增长 将比较五种不同宿主克隆上的蓟马的分离率。 如果 对个体克隆的适应已经发生，然后蓟马从 可以预期每个克隆在来自 他们的祖先被带走了。 初步测试 实验表明，蓟马已经适应了个体， 植物 如果蓟马已经适应了宿主的基因系， 通过有性繁殖来逃避寄生虫 这个问题 将回答比较蓟马的人口增长， 无融合生殖的植物和 通过异交产生的。 同样，模式的作用 繁殖，在成功的蓟马对宿主植物线， 利用孤雌生殖或有性生殖的蓟马 将对后代进行检查。

The question of whether local adaptation by leaf feeding herbivores occurs at the small scale of individual plant genotypes and how recombination and the introduction of new alleles through sexual reproduction affect local adaptation by both plant and insect will be examined. The host plant, Erigeron glaucus, is a long-lived, mat forming plant that produces both apomictic seeds and outcrossed seeds. The herbivore, a thrips Apterothrips secticornis, goes through many generations each year and produces offspring either asexually or sexually. The mode of reproduction (sexual vs. asexual) of both the plant and the herbivore can be experimentally manipulated. Previous work showed that population growth of thrips was very strongly affected by host plant variation. Conversely, preliminary evidence indicates that thrips can reduce seed production of their hosts. To determine if thrips show local adaptation to individual hosts, the population growth of genetic lines derived from thrips on five different host clones will be compared. If adaptation to individual clones has taken place, then thrips from each clone may be expected to perform best on the clone from which their ancestors were taken. A preliminary run of this experiment suggested that thrips have adapted to individual plants. If thrips have adapted to host genetic lines, can hosts escape their parasites by reproducing sexually? This question will be answered by comparing the population growth of thrips on plants that were produced apomictically versus those that were produced by outcrossing. Similarly, the role of mode of reproduction, in the success of thrips on host plant lines by using parthenogenetically-produced or sexually-produced thrips progeny will be examined.