Making Sense of Science

理解科学

• 批准号: 8912095
• 负责人: Andrew Pickering
• 金额: $ 4万
• 依托单位: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-08-01 至 1990-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8912095&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Making; Sense; Science

Dr. Pickering is exploring a pragmatist understanding of scientific knowledge and practice, an understanding that recognizes the orientation of science to technical goals and that explores the implications of this recognition. The research will involve detailed case studies of important episodes in the history of science. Two such studies already exist: a study of Luis Alverez's decision to build a large hydrogen bubble chamber and a study of Giacomo Morpurgo's search for fractional charges on matter--quarks. He is already engaged in a third dealing with William Rowan Hamilton's extension of complex-number theory from number pairs to triplets leading eventually to his "quaternions." Under this research grant, he will complete this third study and examine two more: those of Lavoisier and Faraday. Besides the case studies, Dr. Pickering will draw out the implications of the pragmatist analysis for central topics in philosophy, sociology and historiography of science. His analysis will acknowledge a trans-situational structure of scientific practice, thus setting itself off from the ethnomethodological insistence on the radically situated nature of practice, while at the same time it draws attention to the open-endedness and uncertainty of science, thus setting itself off from 'closed' explications of science in terms of method, reason or social interests. The pragmatist approach cuts across traditional disciplinary approaches to science and promises to shed new light on topics such as rationality, realism, incommensurability and the social construction of science. It offers a new and significant perspective on what the world and human practice in it is like.

皮克林博士正在探索一种实用主义的理解 科学知识和实践，一种理解， 认识到科学的方向，以技术目标， 探讨了这一认识的含义。 研究 将涉及详细的案例研究的重要事件， 科学史 已经有两项这样的研究： Luis Alverez决定建造一个大型氢气泡室 以及贾科莫·莫泊戈对分数电荷的研究 关于物质夸克 他已经在从事第三次处理， 威廉·罗恩汉密尔顿的复数理论的扩展， 数对到三胞胎最终导致他的“四元数。" 在这项研究资助下，他将完成第三项研究， 再研究两个：拉瓦锡和法拉第。 除了案例研究，皮克林博士将绘制出 实用主义分析的中心议题的影响， 哲学、社会学和科学史学。 他 分析将承认跨情境结构， 科学实践，从而使自己从 民族方法论坚持极端的自然 与此同时，它还提请注意， 科学的开放性和不确定性， 从方法上脱离了对科学的“封闭”解释， 原因或社会利益。 实用主义的方法跨越了 传统的科学学科方法，并承诺 对理性、现实主义、 不可否认性与科学的社会建构。 它 提供了一个新的和重要的视角， 人类的实践是这样的。