Aerosol Investigations by Thermal Deconvolution and by Quartz Mass Water Uptake

应用两种新的实验方法（TDEX和QMEX）来回答有关大气气溶胶的吸湿性、组成和混合状态的问题。设计热反褶积实验（TDEX）是为了测量具有坐标“气溶胶大小”和“气溶胶挥发性”的平面上出现的二维概率。通过这种方式，人们可以深入了解按尺寸分类的气溶胶样品的分子组成；利用TDEX还可以得出气溶胶混合状态的信息，并推断气溶胶核上是否存在表面活性剂膜。石英质量吸水实验（QMEX）提供了不同粒径气溶胶吸湿性的信息。在这里，气溶胶通过撞击振动的石英晶体（石英晶体微天平）进行大小排序。通过确定共振频率随相对湿度的变化，可以测量出内尔的指数质量增加系数。这些特定尺寸的湿度图代表了气溶胶物理化学的重要信息，并在云物理和大气辐射传输中有应用。该项目将试图回答有关气团类型中气溶胶的物理化学问题，这些气团类型是专门选择的，以提供自由大气中自然气溶胶过程的例子。特别令人感兴趣的是通过非降水海洋云循环的气溶胶碎片，作为北极烟雾进口到阿拉斯加的成熟（例如10-20天）的工业气溶胶，西伯利亚和加拿大针叶林野火产生的烟雾，以及富含萜烯的气团中的气溶胶。

The application of two new experimental methods (TDEX and QMEX) to answer questions relating to hygroscopicity, composition and the state of mixing for atmospheric aerosols will be investigated. The thermal deconvolution experiment (TDEX) is designed to provide a measure of the two dimensional probability of occurrence surface over the plane having coordinates "aerosol size" and "aerosol volatility." In this way one can gain insight into the molecular composition of aerosol samples broken down by size class; it is also possible with TDEX to derive information on the state of mixing of aerosols and to infer the presence of surfactant films on aerosol cores. The Quartz Mass Water Uptake Experiment (QMEX) yields information on the hygroscopicity of aerosols in different size classifications. Here, aerosols are size-sorted by impaction onto vibrating quartz crystals (Quartz Crystal Microbalance). By determining the alteration in resonant frequency as a function of relative humidity, one can measure Hnels exponential mass increase coefficient. These size-specific hygrograms represent important information on the physical chemistry of the aerosols and have application in cloud physics and atmospheric radiative transfer. The project will attempt to answer questions about the physical chemistry of aerosols in air mass types specifically chosen to provide examples of natural aerosol processes in the free atmosphere. Of particular interest are aerosol debris that has been cycled through nonprecipitating marine clouds, well-aged (e.g. 10-20d) industrial aerosols imported as Arctic haze to Alaska, smoke from wildfires in the Siberian a Canadian taiga, and aerosols in air masses enriched in terpenes.