Phylogenetic Relationships in Schiedea and Alsinidendron (Caryophyllaceae) and the Evolution of Dioecy

Schiedea 和 Alsinidendron（石竹科）的系统发育关系和雌雄异株的进化

• 批准号: 8918366
• 负责人: Stephen Weller
• 金额: $ 13万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-03-01 至 1993-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8918366&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Relationships; Schiedea; Alsinidendron; Caryophyllaceae

Dioecy, the occurrence of separate female (pistillate) and male (staminate) plants in a species, has evolved in about 15% of the world's flowering plants. Schiedea and Alsinidendron of the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae) provide an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of dioecy on the Hawaiian Islands. Eight of the 22 species of Schiedea show varying stages in the evolution of dioecy (collectively these breeding systems are termed diclinous). The apparently high frequency of dicliny on remote oceanic islands has been used to support several contrasting hypotheses about the evolution of dioecy. Distributional data alone are difficult to decide the matter, without knowing whether dicliny has evolved in situ on the islands and whether it has evolved multiple times there. Drs. Weller and Sakai of the University of California at Irvine will study evolutionary relationships in these two genera using morphological, chromosomal, and molecular data. The use of DNA analyses to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships will provide an independent assessment uncomplicated by convergent evolution of floral morphology that may be associated with breeding systems. A phylogeny of Schiedea and Alsinidendron will increase understanding of the basic evolutionary forces associated with adaptive radiation in these diverse genera and help in interpreting novel features found in the group, including specialized floral nectaries, vines, and fleshy fruiting structures. Information on the evolution of dicliny is also of general interest because of the potential importance of these breeding systems in crop species. A number of species of Schiedea and Alsinidendron are believed extinct in Hawaii, and the information obtained in this research will be useful for interpreting relationships among breeding systems, rarity, and the likelihood of extinction in plants.

Dioclonal，出现单独的女性（雌蕊）和 雄性（雄花）植物在一个物种中，已经进化了大约15%的 世界上的开花植物。 Schiedea和Alsinidendron 香石竹科（Carnation family）提供了一种极好的 有机会研究夏威夷群岛上的dioclonal进化 群岛 22种Schiedea中的8种显示出不同的阶段 在雌雄异株的进化过程中（这些繁殖系统统称为 被称为雌雄异株）。 雌雄异株的频率明显较高， 在遥远的海洋岛屿上， 关于雌雄异株进化的不同假设。 单靠分布数据很难决定这件事， 如果不知道雌雄异株是否在 岛屿以及它是否在那里进化了多次。 Drs. 位于欧文的加州大学的韦勒和酒井将 研究这两个属的进化关系， 形态学、染色体和分子数据。 使用DNA 重建系统发育关系的分析将提供 一个独立的评估， 花的形态可能与繁殖有关 系统. Schiedea和Alsinidendron的后代将增加 理解与人类进化有关的基本进化力量 适应性辐射在这些不同的属， 解释在该组中发现的新特征，包括 专门的花蜜腺，藤蔓和肉质果实 结构. 关于雌雄异株进化的信息也是 由于这些潜在的重要性， 作物品种的育种系统。 一些种类的 Schiedea和Alsinidendron被认为在夏威夷灭绝， 这项研究所获得的信息将有助于 解释育种系统、稀有性和 植物灭绝的可能性。