Laboratory Studies of Cloud Microphysical and Chemical Phenomena Involving Ice

大气中的微量化学物质以复杂而不明确的方式与云和表面冰相互作用。由于认识到未来建立大气-地球系统模型的努力将越来越依赖于这种相互作用的基本知识，因此将在本研究项目下进行一系列实验室实验。几种微量气体（SO2, H2O2, O3, HNO3, HCl， CH4和NO）在冰上的吸附和化学反应性将在广泛的温度范围内（约-90℃至-20℃）通过气相色谱正面分析进行研究。动力学和热力学数据将阐明掺入和反应的分子尺度机制，并有助于确定控制与冰接触的大气微量气体反应性的因素。其他实验将使用最近开发的连续流云室进行，以测量冰在过冷云中生长获得颗粒物和保留挥发性气体的能力。将使用简单的云模型，以确保实验室实验的结果与大气云中的微物理和化学现象有关。

Atmospheric trace chemicals interact with cloud and surface ice in complicated and ill-defined ways. With the recognition that future efforts to model the atmosphere-earth system will rely increasingly on basic knowledge about such interactions, a series of laboratory experiments is to be carried out under this research project. The sorption and chemical reactivity of several trace gases (SO2, H2O2, O3, HNO3, HCl, CH4, and NO) on ice will be investigated with gas chromatography frontal analysis over a broad range of temperatures (about -90oC to -20C). The kinetic and thermodynamic data will elucidate the molecular- scale mechanisms of incorporation and reaction and help to identify the factors controlling the reactivity of atmospheric trace gases that come in contact with ice. Other experimentation will be performed with a recently developed continuous-flow cloud chamber in order to measure the ability of ice growing in supercooled clouds to acquire particulate matter and retain volatile gases. Simple cloud models will be used to ensure that the findings of the laboratory experimentation are relevant to microphysical and chemical phenomena in atmospheric clouds.