Transport Processes in Matter at High Densities and Temperatures (Physics)

我们将研究高密度和高温下物质的一系列输运过程。这项理论物理研究的主要目标之一将是研究弱相互作用粒子在天体物理环境下所起的作用，以获得这些粒子性质的线索。要解决的具体问题如下：这些粒子对恒星演化的影响是什么，特别是当它们是热产生并作为能量损失机制作出贡献时？我们能从恒星演化的观测数据中得到这些粒子的约束条件吗？在额外的工作中，将研究在激波后物质、天体物理等离子体、夸克物质和正电子输运中产生的电子-正电子对的相对论性激波的性质。这些研究的结果有望阐明粒子物理中的新相互作用，并有助于更好地理解多体物理中极端条件下的物质。这些结果将对射电、x射线和伽马射线波长的观测天文学产生直接影响。

A broad class of transport processes in matter at high densities and temperatures will be studied. One of the main objectives of this theoretical physics research will be to study the role played by weakly interacting particles under astrophysical settings in order to obtain clues to the properties of these particles. The specific questions to be addressed are as follows: What are the effects of such particles on stellar evolution, especially when they are produced thermally and contribute as an energy loss mechanism? Can one obtain any constraints on these particles from observational data of stellar evolution? In additional work, the properties of relativistic shock waves in which electron- positron pairs are produced in the post-shock matter, astrophysical plasmas, quark matter, and positron transport will be studied. The outcome of these studies is expected to elucidate the new interactions in particle physics and to contribute to a better understanding of matter under extreme conditions in many-body physics. The results will have a direct bearing on observational astronomy at radio to X-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths.