Research Initiation Award: Exploitation of Clustering in Supercritical Fluid Solutions for Reactions and Crystallization Process

在最近的研究中，有人提出，许多不寻常的 和超临界流体（SCF）的吸引人的特性， 包括增强的溶解度可以通过溶剂 以及在溶质周围的更大的聚集， 当地的密度和浓度大于 散装。 在一个由三部分组成的计划中， 这种聚集在反应和结晶中的优点 过程：首先，通过实验确定对 在临界温度附近的反应速率 在溶质周围聚集的点， 增加局部反应物浓度：接下来，为了确定 改变上游条件对 由膨胀形成的固体颗粒的特性 SCF解决方案：最后， 描述超临界流体的化学/物理理论状态方程 相平衡与存在，如遇到在 上述两种方法，以及简单的提取。 这项工作的总体成果将是更好地利用 独特的微观特性超临界流体溶剂的反应和 结晶过程，以及一个更现实的- 基于可靠的热力学模型进行设计 这些过程。

In recent work it has been suggested that many of the unusual and attractive properties of supercritical fluids (SCF's), including enhanced solubilities may be explained by solvent and entrainer clustering around the solute that result in local densities and concentrations that are greater than the bulk. It is proposed in a three part program to take advantage of this clustering in reactions and crystallization processes: First, to experimentally determine the effect on the reaction rate of operating in the region near the critical point where entrainers cluster around the solute, which would increase local reactant concentrations: Next, to determine the effect of varying upstream conditions on the characteristics of solid particles formed from the expansion of SCF solutions: And, finally, to develop a chemical/physical theory equation of state to describe SCF phase equilibrium with entrainers present, as encountered in the above two processes, as well as in simple extractions. The overall results of this work will be better use of the unique microscopic properties SCF solvents for reactions and crystallization processes, as well as a more realistically- based and reliable thermodynamic model upon which to design these processes.