Temporal Stimulus Attributes Influence Infants' Attention to Visual Events and Locations

时间刺激属性影响婴儿对视觉事件和位置的注意力

• 批准号: 9009781
• 负责人: Marie Balaban
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-07-15 至 1991-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9009781&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Temporal; Stimulus; Attributes; Influence; Infants

The mature human visual system, adept at detecting dynamic sensory events, often shifts attention automatically toward a detected movement or change in the environment. There are many studies of the maturation in infants of spatial aspects of vision, such as acuity and preferences for various stationary patterns, but fewer studies of the temporal characteristics of infant vision. Yet the infant, from an early age, encounters a dynamic sensory world. This research will examine the development of infants' visual sensitivity to temporal changes. The initial goal is to assess infant preferences for flashing displays by presenting two patterns flickering at different rates. The research will use measures of the time infants spend looking at each pattern, along with physiological measures of their eye movements and heart rate, to assess preferences and thus infer temporal sensitivity. Further studies will investigate the cueing effects of flashing or moving stimuli presented in the periphery of the visual field. Although infants can localize lights and sounds coarsely soon after birth, these abilities become greatly refined during early infancy. The third goal is to use the attention-attracting nature of stimulus change as a probe of infant attention. The question is how readily abrupt changes in the visual periphery will distract infants' viewing of centrally-presented stimuli. Initial activities will include selection of suitable stimuli for infants of different ages and pilot work on precise measurement of shifts in visual fixation. This research will study infants from 2 through 6 months of age, spanning the period during which temporal acuity in the visual system is undergoing rapid developmental change. The research will address both the development of the visual system and the implications of more temporally-refined visual processing for the infant's attention to their surroundings. Maturation of the ability to detect change, to localize the source of the change, and to focus attention to the sensory event is necessary for developing competence in interaction with persons and objects in the environment.

成熟的人类视觉系统，善于检测动态 感官事件，通常会自动将注意力转移到 检测到环境中的移动或变化。 有很多 婴儿空间方面的成熟研究 视力，如敏锐度和各种固定的偏好， 模式，但较少的时间特征的研究， 婴儿视力 然而，婴儿，从很小的时候， 动态的感官世界 本研究将探讨 发展婴儿对时间变化的视觉敏感性。 最初的目标是评估婴儿对闪光的偏好 通过呈现两种以不同频率闪烁的图案来显示 rates. 这项研究将使用婴儿花在 观察每一种模式，沿着生理测量， 他们的眼球运动和心率，以评估偏好， 从而推断时间敏感性。 进一步的研究将 研究闪光或移动刺激的线索效应 呈现在视野的边缘。 虽然婴儿 出生后不久就能粗略地定位光和声音， 能力在婴儿早期就得到了很大的提高。 第三 目标是利用刺激变化吸引注意力的特性 作为婴儿注意力的探测器。 问题是 视觉周边的突然变化会分散婴儿的注意力， 观看中央呈现的刺激。 初步活动将 包括为不同年龄婴儿选择合适的刺激 年龄和飞行员工作的精确测量的变化， 固定 这项研究将研究2到6岁的婴儿 月龄，跨越时间敏锐度 视觉系统正在经历快速的发展变化。 这项研究将解决视觉的发展， 系统和影响，更时间细化的视觉 处理婴儿对周围环境的注意力。 成熟的能力，以检测变化， 变化的来源，并将注意力集中在感官事件上 是发展与以下方面互动的能力所必需的 环境中的人和物。