Systematics of Clibadium (Compositae, Heliantheae)

发展中国家科学奖将有助于支持智利孔塞普西翁的Jorge Arriagada先生在俄亥俄州州立大学的Tod Stuessy教授指导下开展的论文工作。本研究的主要目的是：（1）对新热带区分布于墨西哥至秘鲁的近40个种的Clibadium属进行分类学修订，（2）确定这些种之间的进化关系，（3）建立与Desmanthellum、Ichthyotherum和Stachycephalum相关的属界限，（4）建立与该属的亲缘关系。（4）确定物种地理学并提出物种形成的模式。本研究的一个辅助目的是研究Clibadium中头状花序结构的变异和进化以及不寻常的类似于核果的果实的发育，以帮助重建系统发育。如果时间允许，将记录拉丁美洲印第安人的民族植物学活动，因为它们与使用Clibadium物种作为鱼毒有关。该属的民族植物学作用为理解该属的系统学和植物地理学提供了一个额外的维度。为了实现这些目标，需要完整收集植物材料并沿分布范围进行沿着实地观察。将收集形态学（包括解剖学）和细胞学数据，并通过分支系统学技术重建系统发育。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将产生该属的第一个现代修订，包括检索表，描述和预测分类，对新热带区系的植物学家很有价值。它也将提供该属的第一个系统发育重建。此外，了解内Clibadium的进化关系，应导致更好地了解与相关属Desmanthanum，Ichthyothere和Stachycephalum的亲和力。

This Science in Developing Countries award will help to support thesis dissertation work of Mr. Jorge Arriagada of Concepcion, Chile working under the supervision of Professor Tod Stuessy of Ohio State University. The main objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to produce a taxonomic revision of the species of Clibadium, a Neotropical genus of approximately 40 species distributed from Mexico to Peru; (2) to determine the evolutionary relationships among these species; (3) to establish generic limits relative to Desmanthodium, Ichthyothere and Stachycephalum; and (4) to determine biogeography and suggest modes of speciation of the species. An ancillary objective of this research is to study variations and evolution of capitulescence structure and development of unusual drupe-like fruits in Clibadium for help in reconstructing phylogeny. As time permits, the ethnobotanical activities of the Indians in Latin America will be documented as they relate to use of Clibadium species as fish-poisons. The ethnobotanical role of the genus should provide an extra dimension to understanding the systematics and biogeography of the genus. To achieve these goals, a complete collection of plant material and field observations along the distributional range is needed. Morphological (including anatomical) and cytological data will be gathered, and reconstruction of phylogeny will be done by cladistic techniques. The proposed research is significant for several reasons. It will produce the first modern revision of the genus, including keys, descriptions and a predictive classification, valuable to botanists working on Neotropical floras. It will also provide the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus. In addition, understanding of evolutionary relationships within Clibadium should lead to an improved understanding of affinities with the related genera Desmanthodium, Ichthyothere, and Stachycephalum.