Parasites of Mammals of Bolivia: Phylogeny and Coevolution

要求提供三年的资金，以继续1984年开始的对玻利维亚哺乳动物寄生虫的调查。收集将集中于寄生线虫，但也包括其他蠕虫、外寄生虫和原生动物。将采用标准方法收集和保存具有代表性的各分类群标本。收集将包括用福尔马林保存的酒精储存标本，用于标准形态分类和鉴定，以及用于分子分析的冷冻标本。拟议研究的主要目标包括：1)保护形态学（分类学）和分子分析（系统学）的数据（标本），否则这些数据（标本）将丢失或不能为这些分析充分保存；2)获取更多的材料和数据，用于正在进行的宿主-寄生虫共同进化研究的比较和纳入；3)继续与玻利维亚工人和学生合作，研究玻利维亚的寄生虫动物群，并鼓励玻利维亚学生到美国学习；4)通过处理和获取自1984年以来在玻利维亚收集的蠕虫样本，为对新热带哺乳动物寄生虫感兴趣的研究人员提供途径；5)将这些数据以与美国博物馆目前正在实施的地理信息系统兼容的形式输入到UCD线虫馆藏的微型计算机数据库中，以便快速方便地获取有关寄生虫及其宿主的信息。玻利维亚哺乳动物的多样性鲜为人知；因此，这个地区的寄生虫就更不为人所知了。关于玻利维亚野生动物寄生虫的文献不足30篇)。目前，玻利维亚哺乳动物寄生虫的研究工作需要资金，部分原因是目前资助的国家科学基金为安德森、耶茨和库克（BSR-8408923）提供了机会，让他们继续对玻利维亚山谷和Yungas地区的哺乳动物动物群进行调查。这些研究人员已经建立了时间框架和收集区域的协议。考察队将前往的地区在生物学上是未知的，这项提议的资金将使这些哺乳动物寄生虫多样性的独特和不可替代的数据得以有效地积累、处理、储存和获取。此外，包括从1984-1987年没有访问过的地理区域获得的材料将允许进一步测试共同进化和动物地理学的假设。

Funds are requested for three years to continue a survey of parasites of mammals of Bolivia begun in 1984. Collections will concentrate on parasitic nematodes but will include other helminths, ectoparasites, and protozoa. Specimens representative of various taxa will be collected and preserved using standard methods. Collections will include formalin-preserved alcohol- stored specimens for standard morpho-taxonomy and identification and frozen specimens for molecular analyses. The primary objectives of the proposed research include: 1) Secure data (specimens) for both morphologic (taxonomy) and molecular analysis (systematics) that would otherwise be lost or not be preserved adequately for these analyses; 2) Obtain additional materials and data for comparison and inclusion in ongoing studies of host- parasite coevolution; 3) Continue collaboration with workers and students in Bolivia on studies of the parasite fauna of Bolivia and to encourage Bolivian students to study in the USA; 4) Provide access to researchers interested in parasites of neotropical mammals by processing and accessing into the UCD Nematode Collection those samples of Helminths collected in Bolivia since 1984; 5) Enter these data into the micro-computer database of the UCD Nematode Collection in a form compatible with the GIS system presently being implemented at the American Museum to allow fast and easy access to information on parasites and their hosts. The diversity of the mammalian fauna of Bolivia is poorly known; thus, the parasites of this region are even less will known (eg. less than 30 references exist concerning parasites of wild animals of Bolivia). Funds are requested at this time for work on the parasites of mammals in Bolivia partly because of the window of opportunity afforded by the presently funded NSF grant to Anderson, Yates, and Cook (BSR-8408923) for continuation of their survey of the mammalian fauna of Bolivia in the Valles and Yungas regions. These researchers have established a protocol of time- frames and collection areas. The areas in which the expedition will travel are biologically unknown, and funding of this proposal will allow unique and irreplaceable data on diversity of parasites of these mammals to be accumulated, processed, stored, and accessed in an efficient manner. In addition, inclusion of material obtained from geographic areas that were not visited in 1984-1987 will allow further tests of hypotheses of coevolution and zoogeography.