Parasites of Mammals of Bolivia: Phylogeny and Coevolution

请拨三年经费，以便继续对1984年开始的玻利维亚哺乳动物寄生虫进行调查。收集将集中在寄生线虫上，但将包括其他蠕虫、体外寄生虫和原生动物。代表不同分类群的标本将用标准方法收集和保存。收藏品将包括用于标准形态分类和鉴定的福尔马林保存的酒精储存标本和用于分子分析的冷冻标本。拟议研究的主要目标包括：1)保护形态(分类学)和分子分析(系统学)的数据(标本)，否则这些数据将丢失或不能充分保存用于这些分析；2)获得更多的材料和数据，用于比较和纳入正在进行的宿主-寄生虫共同进化研究；3)继续与玻利维亚的工作人员和学生合作，研究玻利维亚的寄生虫区系，并鼓励玻利维亚学生到美国留学；4)向对新热带哺乳动物寄生虫感兴趣的研究人员提供途径，将1984年以来在玻利维亚收集的线虫样本处理并存入UCD线虫资料库；5)将这些数据以与美国博物馆目前正在实施的地理信息系统相兼容的形式输入UCD线虫馆藏的微型计算机数据库，以便快速和方便地获取关于寄生虫及其宿主的信息。玻利维亚哺乳动物区系的多样性鲜为人知；因此，这一地区的寄生虫更是鲜为人知(例如。关于玻利维亚野生动物寄生虫的参考文献不到30篇)。目前需要资金用于玻利维亚哺乳动物寄生虫的研究，部分原因是目前国家科学基金会向安德森、耶茨和库克(BSR-8408923)提供了资助，以便继续对玻利维亚山谷和尤加斯地区的哺乳动物动物群进行调查。这些研究人员已经建立了一个关于时间范围和收集区域的协议。考察队将前往的区域在生物学上是未知的，这项提案的资金将使这些哺乳动物寄生虫多样性的独特和不可替代的数据能够以有效的方式积累、处理、存储和访问。此外，纳入从1984-1987年未访问过的地理区域获得的材料将允许对共同进化和动物地理学的假说进行进一步的检验。

Funds are requested for three years to continue a survey of parasites of mammals of Bolivia begun in 1984. Collections will concentrate on parasitic nematodes but will include other helminths, ectoparasites, and protozoa. Specimens representative of various taxa will be collected and preserved using standard methods. Collections will include formalin-preserved alcohol- stored specimens for standard morpho-taxonomy and identification and frozen specimens for molecular analyses. The primary objectives of the proposed research include: 1) Secure data (specimens) for both morphologic (taxonomy) and molecular analysis (systematics) that would otherwise be lost or not be preserved adequately for these analyses; 2) Obtain additional materials and data for comparison and inclusion in ongoing studies of host- parasite coevolution; 3) Continue collaboration with workers and students in Bolivia on studies of the parasite fauna of Bolivia and to encourage Bolivian students to study in the USA; 4) Provide access to researchers interested in parasites of neotropical mammals by processing and accessing into the UCD Nematode Collection those samples of Helminths collected in Bolivia since 1984; 5) Enter these data into the micro-computer database of the UCD Nematode Collection in a form compatible with the GIS system presently being implemented at the American Museum to allow fast and easy access to information on parasites and their hosts. The diversity of the mammalian fauna of Bolivia is poorly known; thus, the parasites of this region are even less will known (eg. less than 30 references exist concerning parasites of wild animals of Bolivia). Funds are requested at this time for work on the parasites of mammals in Bolivia partly because of the window of opportunity afforded by the presently funded NSF grant to Anderson, Yates, and Cook (BSR-8408923) for continuation of their survey of the mammalian fauna of Bolivia in the Valles and Yungas regions. These researchers have established a protocol of time- frames and collection areas. The areas in which the expedition will travel are biologically unknown, and funding of this proposal will allow unique and irreplaceable data on diversity of parasites of these mammals to be accumulated, processed, stored, and accessed in an efficient manner. In addition, inclusion of material obtained from geographic areas that were not visited in 1984-1987 will allow further tests of hypotheses of coevolution and zoogeography.