Reasoning Usefully about Mental States During Discourse Understanding: A Metaphor Based Approach

在话语理解过程中对心理状态进行有用的推理：基于隐喻的方法

• 批准号: 9101354
• 负责人: John Barnden
• 金额: $ 28.17万
• 依托单位: New Mexico State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-09-01 至 1995-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9101354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Reasoning; Usefully; about; Mental; States

This Artificial Intelligence project investigates part of the problem of discerning the coherence relationships within natural language discourse. The relationships of interest are between discourse components that describe or presuppose mental states (propositional attitudes). The mental states can be those of the speaker, listener, or any person mentioned by the discourse, and can be states of belief, intention hope, desire, etc. The focus of this work is on descriptions that rely implicitly of explicity on commonsense models of the mind that people often deploy, such as the prevalent model of a mind and its beliefs as respectively a physical container and some physical objects within it. Commonsense models are frequently relied upon in mental-state descriptions and are important factors in discourse coherence relationships, yet previous detailed work on representing and reasoning about mental states has largely skirted the issues. This research relates strongly, however, to work by psychologists and linguists on metaphor and metonymy, because the commonsense models are metaphorical and metonymy is often involved as well. The project includes the development of a prototype AL discourse- interpretation system, as well as major data collection activities: collection of information about mental-state language through experiments with human subjects, and through semi-automated examination of diverse natural language texts, including definitions and examples in machine-readable dictionaries. Annotated compendia of examples from these texts will be produced. The project is also concered with the relationship between mental-state descriptions in English and those in other language, notably Spanish, with a view to contributing to machine-translation work at our laboratory.

这个人工智能项目调查了 识别自然中的连贯关系的问题 语言话语 利益关系是指 描述或预设心理状态的话语成分 （命题态度）。 精神状态可以是那些 演讲者、听众或演讲中提到的任何人，以及 可以是信仰、意图、希望、欲望等状态。 这项工作的一个重要部分是对隐含地依赖于明确性的描述 人们经常使用的常识性思维模型， 作为一种普遍的思维模式及其信念， 一个物理容器和其中的一些物理对象。 常识模型在心理状态中经常被依赖 描写和描写是语篇连贯的重要因素 关系，但以前的详细工作， 关于精神状态的推理在很大程度上回避了这些问题。 然而，这项研究与心理学家的工作密切相关。 和语言学家对隐喻和转喻的研究，因为常识 模型是隐喻性的，也常常涉及到借代。 该项目包括一个原型AL话语的发展- 解释系统以及主要数据收集 活动：收集有关心理状态的信息 语言通过实验与人类科目，并通过 对不同自然语言文本的半自动化检查， 包括机器可读的定义和示例 字典 注释汇编的例子，从这些文本 将被制作。 该项目还涉及到 英语心理状态描写与 其他语文，特别是西班牙文， 为我们实验室的机器翻译工作做出贡献。