Dissertation Research: Environmental Causes and Behavioral Tactics Determining Variation in Vertical Migration: Midday Stratification in a Pelagic Zooplankton

论文研究：决定垂直迁移变化的环境原因和行为策略：中上层浮游动物的中午分层

• 批准号: 9110394
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-11-15 至 1993-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9110394&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Environmental; Causes; Behavioral

Diel vertical migration (DVM) is the daily up and down movement of diverse populations in both freshwater lakes and oceans. These long migrations cause daily, local fluctuations in zooplankton density, therefore directly affecting grazing rates on phytoplankton and energy transfer to fish populations. Field research and numerical simulations have identified both the ecological conditions under which zooplankton production can be maximized, along with the constraints on survival, growth and reproduction imposed on alternative DVM behaviors. Accordingly, it appears that variation in DVM, observed in the field, is adaptive. However, mechanisms causing such variation in DVM are unknown, largely because little is known about the importance of genetic variation relative to environmental change. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine whether genetically different individuals in a population have different DVM distributions in the field (2) the laboratory, determine whether genetically different individuals respond in the same way to experimental environments designed to simulate field conditions, and whether those responses are similar in different environments. The study objectives will provide an understanding of the causes of variability in stratification behavior of the zooplankter Daphnia galeata mendotae. Since stratification behavior largely determines habitat range, this study offers insight into not only mechanisms of DVM but also data on basic zooplankton ecology, determinants of habitat choice, along with maintenance of polymorphisms. Finally, understanding mechanisms of zooplankton DVM means a better understanding of behaviors influencing food availability for fish and grazing rates on phytoplankton.

每日垂直迁移（DVM）是每日的上下变化 在淡水湖和 海洋. 这些长距离的迁移导致了每天的局部波动， 浮游动物密度，因此直接影响放牧率 对浮游植物和鱼类种群的能量转移的影响。 领域 研究和数值模拟已经确定， 生态条件下，浮游动物生产可以 最大化，沿着生存、增长和 复制强加于替代DVM行为。 因此，委员会认为， 在野外观察到的DVM的变化似乎 适应性 然而，引起DVM中这种变化的机制是 未知，主要是因为很少有人知道的重要性， 相对于环境变化的遗传变异。 本研究的目的是：（1）确定是否 在一个种群中，基因不同的个体 现场DVM分布（2）实验室， 确定基因上不同的个体是否对 以同样的方式， 现场条件，以及这些反应是否类似， 不同的环境。 研究目的将提供一个 了解分层中的差异性原因 的行为。 以来 分层行为在很大程度上决定了栖息地的范围，这 这项研究不仅深入了解了DVM的机制， 关于基本浮游动物生态学、生境决定因素的数据 选择，沿着多态性的维持。 最后， 了解浮游动物DVM的机制意味着更好的 了解影响鱼类食物可获性的行为 以及对浮游植物的捕食率。