From the Centrally Politicized to the Market Economy in Eastern Europe

市场经济的成功运作在很大程度上取决于公众对市场机制运作的广泛理解以及对市场的公平、效率和有效性的信念。鉴于二战后大部分时间整个东欧都存在中央计划经济，人们对东欧任何地方的市场机制的理解和欣赏的性质和程度都存在真正的问题。这些问题引发了人们对东欧新兴民主国家从中央计划经济向市场经济成功转型的能力的严重担忧。该项目在东欧进行探索性研究，旨在描述和解释中央计划经济中公民现有的经济态度和信念，并提供基线数据，以便在东欧国家尝试从中央计划经济向市场经济艰难过渡时，能够更动态地评估经济态度和信念与经济结构之间的关系。这项研究的意义不仅在于它将告诉我们几个前共产主义东欧国家发展市场经济的前景，还在于它将帮助我们更广泛地了解经济结构、它们的功能和公共经济思维的性质的相互作用。

The successful functioning of market based economies depends in large measure on the existence of widespread public understanding of the operation of market mechanisms and belief in the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of markets. Given the existence of centrally planned economies throughout Eastern Europe for most of the post World War II era, there are real questions about the nature and extent of public understanding and appreciation of market mechanisms anywhere in Eastern Europe. These questions raise serious concerns about the ability of the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe to make successful transitions from centrally planned to market economies. This project undertakes exploratory research in Eastern Europe designed both to describe and explain existing economic attitudes and beliefs of citizens in the centrally planned economies and to provide baseline data that will permit more dynamic assessments of the relationships between economic attitudes and beliefs and economic structures as Eastern European nations attempt the difficult transition from centrally planned to market economies. The significance of this research lies not only in what it will tell us about the prospects for developing market economies in the several formerly communist nations of Eastern Europe but also in what it will help us learn more broadly about the interplay of economic structures, their functions, and the nature of public economic thinking.