From the Centrally Politicized to the Market Economy in Eastern Europe

市场经济的成功运作在很大程度上取决于公众对市场机制运作的广泛理解和对市场公平、效率和效力的信念。鉴于在第二次世界大战后的大部分时间里，整个东欧都存在着中央计划经济，在东欧任何地方，公众对市场机制的理解和认识的性质和程度都存在着真实的问题。这些问题使人严重关切东欧新兴民主国家能否成功地从中央计划经济过渡到市场经济。该项目在东欧进行探索性研究，目的是描述和解释中央计划经济国家公民现有的经济态度和信念，并提供基线数据，以便在东欧国家试图从中央计划经济向市场经济艰难过渡时，对经济态度和信念与经济结构之间的关系进行更积极的评估。这项研究的意义不仅在于它将告诉我们在东欧几个前共产主义国家发展市场经济的前景，而且还在于它将帮助我们更广泛地了解经济结构的相互作用，它们的功能，以及公共经济思想的本质。

The successful functioning of market based economies depends in large measure on the existence of widespread public understanding of the operation of market mechanisms and belief in the fairness, efficiency and effectiveness of markets. Given the existence of centrally planned economies throughout Eastern Europe for most of the post World War II era, there are real questions about the nature and extent of public understanding and appreciation of market mechanisms anywhere in Eastern Europe. These questions raise serious concerns about the ability of the emerging democracies of Eastern Europe to make successful transitions from centrally planned to market economies. This project undertakes exploratory research in Eastern Europe designed both to describe and explain existing economic attitudes and beliefs of citizens in the centrally planned economies and to provide baseline data that will permit more dynamic assessments of the relationships between economic attitudes and beliefs and economic structures as Eastern European nations attempt the difficult transition from centrally planned to market economies. The significance of this research lies not only in what it will tell us about the prospects for developing market economies in the several formerly communist nations of Eastern Europe but also in what it will help us learn more broadly about the interplay of economic structures, their functions, and the nature of public economic thinking.